Urinary System

Question 1

metabolic waste products

Answer 1

products not needed by the body anymore, include potentially harmful substance that must be eliminated and can be harmful if accumulated

Question 2

kidneys

Answer 2

located in the dorsal abdominal area; right kidney is more cranial than left

Question 3

retroperitoneal

Answer 3

Between the peritoneum & the abdominal cavity

Question 4

urinary system functions

Answer 4

Production of urine; maintain homeostasis through blood filtration, reabsorption & secretion; fluid base regulation; acid base balance regulation; production of hormones; blood pressure regulation

Question 5

Nerve supply to the kidney

Answer 5

Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of renal vessels; sympathetic portion of autonomic nervous system releases norepinephrine

Question 6

Kidney hormones

Answer 6

ADH, aldosterone, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, & rentin

Question 7

Renal capsule

Answer 7

Thick fibrous covering of the kidney

Question 8

Hilus

Answer 8

Indented area where ureter, renal artery, renal vein & nerves enter & leave

Question 9

Renal cortex

Answer 9

Outer portion of the kidney, reddish brown in color

Question 10

Renal medulla

Answer 10

Surrounds renal pelvis; drains urine to calyces

Question 11

Calyces

Answer 11

Direct urine into renal pelvis, from there urine moves into ureter

Question 12

Renal pelvis

Answer 12

Urine collection chamber that forms beginning of ureter; not present in cow; lined with transitional epithelium for stretching

Question 13

Mutilobar/multi pyramidal

Answer 13

Numerous medulla a facing the ureter; cows & pigs

Question 14

Unipyramidal/ unilobar

Answer 14

Medullary pyramids fused as 1 structure to form a calyx that directs urine into renal pelvis

Question 15

Nephron

Answer 15

Basic functional unit of the kidney

Question 16

Afferent arterioles

Answer 16

Carry blood to renal corpuscle

Question 17

Renal corpuscle

Answer 17

Located in the cortex, made up of the glomerulus & bowmen’s capsule

Question 18

Glomerulus

Answer 18

Tuft of capillaries where filtration starts; forms glomerular filtrate

Question 19

Bowmen’s capsule

Answer 19

Double walked capsule that surrounds glomerulus with visceral & parietal layers

Question 20

Podocytes

Answer 20

Extensions that cover glomerular capillaries with a permeable layer to allow fluid & dissolved substances to pas through

Question 21

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 21

Continuation of capsular space of bowmen’s capsule; longest part of nephron; reabsorption & secretion of tubular filtrate

Question 22

Efferent arterioles

Answer 22

Carry blood out of renal corpuscles

Question 23

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 23

O2 exchange to cells of nephron; reabsorption & secretion

Question 24

Loop of henle

Answer 24

Continues from PCT, descends into medulla, makes a u turn & heads back into cortex; ascending wall becomes thicker again

Question 25

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 25

Continuation of ascending loop of henle; empties into collecting ducts

Question 26

Collecting ducts

Answer 26

Hold urine; empty into renal pelvis; primary site of ADH action & regulation of K, Na & acid-base balance

Question 27

Blood flow through the kidney

Answer 27

Renal artery ➡️ afferent arterioles ➡️ glomerulus capillaries ➡️ efferent arterioles ➡️ peritubular capillaries ➡️ renal vein

Question 28

Renal artery

Answer 28

Branches off abdominal aorta & brings blood to the kidney

Question 29

Renal vein

Answer 29

Takes purified blood from the kidney & brings it to the caudal vena cabs

Question 30

Fenstrations

Answer 30

Windows in capillary endothelium

Question 31

Urine volume regulation

Answer 31

Controlled by the action if ADH & aldosterone

Question 32

Ureters

Answer 32

3 layers Outer fibrous Middle muscular Inner epithelial

Question 33

Trigone

Answer 33

Oblique angle where ureters insert into the bladder

Question 34

Urinary bladder

Answer 34

Where urine is stored as its produced

Question 35

Detruser muscle

Answer 35

Smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that contracts to expel urine

Question 36

Circulator sphincter muscle

Answer 36

Around the neck of the bladder to provide voluntary control over urination process

Question 37

Control of urination

Answer 37

Urine accumulation Detruser muscle contraction Circulator sphincter muscle control Release of urine

Question 38

Urethra

Answer 38

Continuation of the neck of the bladder

Question 39

Urachus

Answer 39

Tube that runs from the fetal bladder to the umbilicus vein

Question 40

Waste products include

Answer 40

Water, urea, salts &a other soluble waste products