Urinary System

Question 1

Cortical labyrinth

Answer 1

Renal corpuscles and associated tubules

Question 2

Medullary rays

Answer 2

Vertical strait ions in the cortex containing straight tubules (proximal and distal) of the nephron and collecting ducts

Question 3

Tip of the papilla

Answer 3

Area cribosa

Question 4

Renal columns

Answer 4

similar to Cortical tissue–renal corpuscles and associated tubules
No medullary rays

Question 5

Medulla components

Answer 5

Renal columns

Medullary pyramids

Question 6

Lobe

Answer 6

Renal pyramid and the cortical tissue at it’s base and sides (one half of each renal column)
Develop independently
Function independently

Question 7

Lobule

Answer 7

Medullary ray in the center of the lobule and the surrounding cortical material
Represents a renal secretory unit

Question 8

Renal secretory unit

Answer 8

One lobule

Collecting duct and a group of nephrons that drain into that duct

Question 9

Nephron

Answer 9

Structural and functional unit of the kidney
Renal corpuscle and a tubule system
Juxtamedullary and cortical

Question 10

Collecting duct +nephron

Answer 10

Uriniferous tubule

Question 11

Junta medullary nephron

Answer 11

Concentrate urine saving H20

Renal corpuscle is a base of renal pyramid, between cortex and medulla

Question 12

Cortical nephron

Answer 12

Corpuscle right under capsule

Filter blood

Question 13

Renal corpuscle

Answer 13

Ultra filtrate from glomerulus flows through bowman’s capsule through the tubular segments

Question 14

Flow of ultrafiltrate

Answer 14

Bowman's capsule
PCT
Proximal straight tubule (thick segment of henle's loop)
Proximal straight tubule 
Thin descending limb of loop of henle
Thin ascending limb of loop of henle 
Distal straight tubule/Thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Renal papilla
Renal pyramid
Renal calyces 
Ureter

Question 15

Cortex (cortical labyrinth)

Answer 15

Renal corpuscles/bowman’s capsule
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Proximal straight tubule (rarely used)

Question 16

Medullary Ray

Answer 16

Proximal straight tubule
Distal straight subtle/ TAL
Collecting ducts

Question 17

Outer medulla

Answer 17

Proximal straight tubule
Distal straight tubule/Thick ascending limb)
Thin (ascending limb) segment loop of henle
Collecting ducts

Question 18

Inner medulla

Answer 18

Thin segment henle’s loop (depending limb)
Thing ascending limb loop of henle
Collecting duct

Question 19

Parietal layer of bowman’s capsule vs visceral layer

Answer 19

Parietal–simple squamous, lining bowman’s space
Visceral–podocytes around capillaries

Continuous with each other

Question 20

Filtration apparatus

Answer 20

Glomerular capillary endothelium
Glomerular basement membrane
Visceral podocyte layer of Bowman’s capsule

Question 21

Glomular capillary endothelium

Answer 21

Lacks diaphram for finest rations
Large number of AQP-1 for water through epithelium
Thick, negatively charged glycocalyx on luminal side with absorbed plasma protein
Barrier to negative charge

Question 22

Three layers of glomerular basement membrane

Answer 22

Lamina rara externa
Lamina rara interna
Lamina dense

Question 23

Glomerular basement membrane

Answer 23

3 layers
Produced by endothelial cells and podocytes
Physical barrier, and ion selective (repels anions, and restricts cations)

Question 24

Lamina rara externa

Answer 24

Adjacent to podocytes
Rich in heparin sulfate
Repels negative charges

Question 25

Rara interna

Answer 25

Adjacent to capillary endothelium,

Question 26

Densa

Answer 26

Overlap of externa and interna
Type IV collagen
Physical barrier

Question 27

Alport’s syndrome

Answer 27

Thick and thin basement membrane. Basket weave appearance

Alpha 5 chain collagen 4

Question 28

Endocrine functions of kidneys

Answer 28

Renin
Erythropoietin
Controls calcium metabolism 1,25 hydroxyl, vitamin D