Flashcards in urinary System Deck (38)
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1
Urinary system responsible for
Removing metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+ , and water
2
Urine formation
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption & secretion
Water conservation
3
Main organs
2 kidneys , 2 ureters, urinary bladder urethra
4
Organ responsibilities (general)
Remove salts & nitrogenous wastes
Maintains normal concentration of H2O and electrolytes
5
Kidney function ( regulation and Chem makeup of blood)
Filter 200 liters of fluid from blood stream a day
Regulates blood volume and pressure
Secrets renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone
6
Renin
Angiotensin
Aldosterone
Regulates BP
Constricts blood vessels &I helps regulate BP
helps with salt conservation, water, retention, and BP control
7
Kidney function (acts as a endocrine gland)
Secretes erythropoietin which controls RBC count
Regulates Pco2 and acid base balance
8
Kidney function (gluconegenesis)
Supply 1/5 as much glucose as liver itself
9
Kidney function (metabolizes vitamin D)
Helps absorb Ca2 and maintain it and phosphorus in the blood
10
Anatomy of kidney
Located in superior lumbar region of peritoneum
Sits in renal sinus cavity (about bar of soap size)
11
Lateral surface of kidney
Medial surface
Convex
Concave
12
3 layers of kidney
Renal capsule
Adipose capsule
Renal fascia
13
Renal capsule
Strong barrier that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to kidneys
14
Adipose capsule
Middle layer , fatty tissue, allows kidney to attach to posterior wall
Ptosls- kidney drops to lower position linking ureter enabling urine to drain
Hydronepheosis- "water kidney"
15
Renal fascia
Dense, fibrous connective tissue, anchors kidneys
16
3 regions of kidneys
Renal cortex-outer shell granular appearance b/c of nephrons
Renal medulla- deep to cortex, center of kidney, dark red in color
Renal pelvis- within renal sinus , flat funnel shapes tube , continuous w/ ureter , contains major & minor calyces
17
Nephrons
Tiny blood processing units that produce/ form urine from wastes
Each kidney over 1 mill
Each nephron has renal corpuscle (enclosed cavity that assists in filtration)
18
2 parts of renal corpuscle
Glomerulus - inner portion gift of capillaries that filter fluid
Bowmans capsule- outer covering of glomerulus, protects it like baseball glove
19
Renal corpuscle important because....
Allows large amounts of solute-rich protein free fluid to pass from blood to bowmans capsule
Fliterate (pre pee) is the raw material that is processed by the renal tubules to form urine
20
Two types of nephrons
Cortical nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons
21
Cortical nephrons
Short loops
Efferent arterioles branch off peritubular capillaries
22
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Long loops, maintain salt gradient helps conserve water
Efferent arterioles branch off bass reacts , blood supply for medulla
23
Blood to heart vs kidney
Heart- arterial good , venous bad
Kidney- arterial bad , venous good
24
Pathway of blood through kidney filtration > cardio
Blood
Renal artery
Afferent arterioles
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus w/ filtering capllilaries &a bowmans capsule)
Efferent arterioles
Renal capillaries
(Venules)
Smaller veins
Renal vein
Inferior vena cava
Heart
25
Removal of wastes can lead to infection
Pyelitis- infection of renal pelvis & calyces
Pyelonephritis-infection or inflammatory conditions of entire kidney (kidney swells, abscesses form, pelvis fills with puss)
26
Renal tubule (function)
Part of nephron that contains tubular fluid that is filtered by the glomerulus and converts it to urine
Form renal tubule the filtrate then travels to the collecting duct
27
Renal tubule 3 parts
Proximal convoluted tubule- fixer
Loop of Henle (nephron loop)-concentrater
Pistal convoluted tubule- finisher
28
PCT
Longest most cooked tube
Reabsorbs greatest variety of chemicals compared to other nephrons
29
Loop of Henle
U shaped tube that creates a concentration gradient in the medulla of kidney so water can be reabsorbed and urine excreted
30
Two parts of loop of Henle
Thin segment- descending limb has how permeability to Ions & urea but a high permeability to water (active transport of salts)
Thick- ascending limb low perm. To water but very perm to ions
31
DCT
Cuboid also cells with minimal microbiology
Partly responsible for regulation of potassium sodium calcium and PH
influenced by aldosterone
32
Collecting duct- aldosterone
Aldosterone promotes Na+ reabsorption by kidneys
Na+ reabsorption promotes water reabsorption
Water reabsorption decreases urine volume
33
Collecting duct- effect of antidiuretic
Dehydration stimulates hypothalamus
Hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary and it relates ADH
ADH increases water reabsorption by kidneys decreasing urine volume
34
Atrial natriuretic peptide (heart)
Decrease blood pressure by acting as a vasodilator
Increasing GFR (glomerular filtrate rate)
Decreases sodium reabsorption from kidneys
35
Epinephrine & norephrine
Stimulate fight or flight > sympathetic NS
Cause a decrease in kidney function temporarily via vasoconstriction of blood vessels
36
Renin -raas system
Enzyme released by kidneys due to renal hypotension or low sodium levels
Renin acts on circulating angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I
Angiostensin I is changed by the lungs to angiotensin II
37
Angiotensin II
Constricts blood vessels
Stimulates adrenals to release of aldosterone
Stimulates pituitary to release ADH
Increased Na+ and H2O increase blood volume & BP
38
