urinary System

Question 1

Urinary system responsible for

Answer 1

Removing metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+ , and water

Question 2

Urine formation

Answer 2

Glomerular filtration

Tubular reabsorption & secretion

Water conservation

Question 3

Main organs

Answer 3

2 kidneys , 2 ureters, urinary bladder urethra

Question 4

Organ responsibilities (general)

Answer 4

Remove salts & nitrogenous wastes

Maintains normal concentration of H2O and electrolytes

Question 5

Kidney function ( regulation and Chem makeup of blood)

Answer 5

Filter 200 liters of fluid from blood stream a day

Regulates blood volume and pressure

Secrets renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone

Question 6

Renin

Angiotensin

Aldosterone

Answer 6

Regulates BP

Constricts blood vessels &I helps regulate BP

helps with salt conservation, water, retention, and BP control

Question 7

Kidney function (acts as a endocrine gland)

Answer 7

Secretes erythropoietin which controls RBC count

Regulates Pco2 and acid base balance

Question 8

Kidney function (gluconegenesis)

Answer 8

Supply 1/5 as much glucose as liver itself

Question 9

Kidney function (metabolizes vitamin D)

Answer 9

Helps absorb Ca2 and maintain it and phosphorus in the blood

Question 10

Anatomy of kidney

Answer 10

Located in superior lumbar region of peritoneum

Sits in renal sinus cavity (about bar of soap size)

Question 11

Lateral surface of kidney

Medial surface

Answer 11

Convex

Concave

Question 12

3 layers of kidney

Answer 12

Renal capsule

Adipose capsule

Renal fascia

Question 13

Renal capsule

Answer 13

Strong barrier that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to kidneys

Question 14

Adipose capsule

Answer 14

Middle layer , fatty tissue, allows kidney to attach to posterior wall

Ptosls- kidney drops to lower position linking ureter enabling urine to drain

Hydronepheosis- “water kidney”

Question 15

Renal fascia

Answer 15

Dense, fibrous connective tissue, anchors kidneys

Question 16

3 regions of kidneys

Answer 16

Renal cortex-outer shell granular appearance b/c of nephrons

Renal medulla- deep to cortex, center of kidney, dark red in color

Renal pelvis- within renal sinus , flat funnel shapes tube , continuous w/ ureter , contains major & minor calyces

Question 17

Nephrons

Answer 17

Tiny blood processing units that produce/ form urine from wastes

Each kidney over 1 mill

Each nephron has renal corpuscle (enclosed cavity that assists in filtration)

Question 18

2 parts of renal corpuscle

Answer 18

Glomerulus - inner portion gift of capillaries that filter fluid

Bowmans capsule- outer covering of glomerulus, protects it like baseball glove

Question 19

Renal corpuscle important because….

Answer 19

Allows large amounts of solute-rich protein free fluid to pass from blood to bowmans capsule

Fliterate (pre pee) is the raw material that is processed by the renal tubules to form urine

Question 20

Two types of nephrons

Answer 20

Cortical nephrons

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 21

Cortical nephrons

Answer 21

Short loops

Efferent arterioles branch off peritubular capillaries

Question 22

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 22

Long loops, maintain salt gradient helps conserve water

Efferent arterioles branch off bass reacts , blood supply for medulla

Question 23

Blood to heart vs kidney

Answer 23

Heart- arterial good , venous bad

Kidney- arterial bad , venous good

Question 24

Pathway of blood through kidney filtration > cardio

Answer 24

Blood 
Renal artery 
Afferent arterioles 
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus w/ filtering capllilaries &a bowmans capsule)
Efferent arterioles 
Renal capillaries 
(Venules)
Smaller veins 
Renal vein 
Inferior vena cava 
Heart

Question 25

Removal of wastes can lead to infection

Answer 25

Pyelitis- infection of renal pelvis & calyces Pyelonephritis-infection or inflammatory conditions of entire kidney (kidney swells, abscesses form, pelvis fills with puss)

Question 26

Renal tubule (function)

Answer 26

Part of nephron that contains tubular fluid that is filtered by the glomerulus and converts it to urine Form renal tubule the filtrate then travels to the collecting duct

Question 27

Renal tubule 3 parts

Answer 27

Proximal convoluted tubule- fixer Loop of Henle (nephron loop)-concentrater Pistal convoluted tubule- finisher

Question 28

PCT

Answer 28

Longest most cooked tube Reabsorbs greatest variety of chemicals compared to other nephrons

Question 29

Loop of Henle

Answer 29

U shaped tube that creates a concentration gradient in the medulla of kidney so water can be reabsorbed and urine excreted

Question 30

Two parts of loop of Henle

Answer 30

Thin segment- descending limb has how permeability to Ions & urea but a high permeability to water (active transport of salts) Thick- ascending limb low perm. To water but very perm to ions

Question 31

DCT

Answer 31

Cuboid also cells with minimal microbiology Partly responsible for regulation of potassium sodium calcium and PH influenced by aldosterone

Question 32

Collecting duct- aldosterone

Answer 32

Aldosterone promotes Na+ reabsorption by kidneys Na+ reabsorption promotes water reabsorption Water reabsorption decreases urine volume

Question 33

Collecting duct- effect of antidiuretic

Answer 33

Dehydration stimulates hypothalamus Hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary and it relates ADH ADH increases water reabsorption by kidneys decreasing urine volume

Question 34

Atrial natriuretic peptide (heart)

Answer 34

Decrease blood pressure by acting as a vasodilator Increasing GFR (glomerular filtrate rate) Decreases sodium reabsorption from kidneys

Question 35

Epinephrine & norephrine

Answer 35

Stimulate fight or flight > sympathetic NS Cause a decrease in kidney function temporarily via vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Question 36

Renin -raas system

Answer 36

Enzyme released by kidneys due to renal hypotension or low sodium levels Renin acts on circulating angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I Angiostensin I is changed by the lungs to angiotensin II

Question 37

Angiotensin II

Answer 37

Constricts blood vessels Stimulates adrenals to release of aldosterone Stimulates pituitary to release ADH Increased Na+ and H2O increase blood volume & BP

Question 38

Low BP - hypotension

Answer 38

Increased amounts of ADH medication and or drugs that increase release of ADH= vasopressin