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From Flashcardlet > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

List the arterial supply to the kidney.

A
  • renal arteries
  • segmental arteries
  • interlobar arteries
  • arcuate arteries
  • interlobular arteries
  • afferent arterioles
  • glomerulus
  • efferent arterioles
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1
Q

What are the four functions of the urinary system?

A
  1. Filter blood
  2. Produce, store and excrete urine
  3. Regulate blood & interstitial fluid volume (& blood pressure)
  4. Red blood cell production
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2
Q

Name the 4 tissue layers surronding the kidney from deepest to most superficial.

A
  1. Fibrous capsule
  2. Perinephric fat
  3. Renal fascia
  4. Paranephic fat
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3
Q

What are the three main processes that occur in the nephron to form urine?

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
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4
Q

How do you differentiate between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons? Which is more common?

A

Cortical nephrons: The bulk of the nephron’s structures reside in the kidney cortex

Juxtamedullary nephrons: their long nephron loops extend deep into the medulla

Cortical nephrons are most common (85%)

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5
Q

What are the tubular components of a nephron?

A
  1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
  2. Loop of Henle
  3. Distal Convoluted Tubule
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6
Q

What capillary networks surround the tubules of a nephron?

A
  1. Peritubular Capillaries

2. Vasa Recta

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7
Q

What are the two main components of the renal corpuscle?

A
  1. Glomerulus

2. Glomerular Capsule

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8
Q

What are the components of the filtration membrane?

A
  1. Fenestrated Endothelium
  2. Basement Membrane
  3. Filtration Slits
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9
Q

How do podocytes help the nephron accomplish its goal of blood plasma filtration?

A

The podocytes have pedicel “feet” that wrap around the glomerular capillaries but do not completely ensheath them. Tiny gaps called filtration slits allow filtrate to leak out of the blood plasma.

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10
Q

What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Cells in the PCT reabsorb almost all nutrients leaked through the filtration membrane.

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11
Q

Trace the pathway of filtrate (reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries) back to the heart.

A

PCT > Peritubular Capillaries > Interlobular Vein > Arcuate Vein > Interlobar Vein > Renal Vein

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle?

A

Reabsorption of water and solutes

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13
Q

What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubules?

A

Secretes Potassium and Hydrogen ions from the peritubular capillaries into tubular fluid.

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14
Q

What is the primary function of the collecting duct?

A

Concentrates urine

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15
Q

What are the components of the juxtaglomerular appartatus (JA)? Why is the JA important?

A
  1. Juxtaglomerular cells
  2. Macula Densa

It works to regulate blood pressure.

16
Q

What type of tissue is each JA cell derived from?

A

They are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole.

17
Q

What type of epithelial cells make up each region of the nephron?

A

Renal Corpuscle - simple squamous
PCT - simple cuboidal epithelium
Loop of Henle - simple cuboidal and simple squamous
DCT - simple cuboidal
Collecting Duct - simple cuboidal/simple columnar

18
Q

Describe the microscopic anatomy of the ureters (eg. tuincs and cell types)

A

The wall of the ureter has three layers:

  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis - 2 layers - inner longitudinal, outer circular
  3. Adventitia
19
Q

Describe the microscopic anatomy of the bladder.

A

Four tunics:

  1. Mucosa - with rugae
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis - Detrucer muscle, 3 layers
  4. Adventitia
20
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the ureters and the bladder lumen?

A

Transitional epithelium

21
Q

Where in the body will you find rugae?

A

Stomach and bladder

22
Q

What is the function of the urethra? What sphincters control the release of urine?

A

To propel urine outside the body; Internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter.

23
Q

What kind of epithelium do you expect to find in the urethra?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

From Flashcardlet (118 decks)

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