Urinary System

Question 1

Complete missing labels

Answer 1

Question 2

True or false: Kidneys are not self healing.

Answer 2

True - if a kidney is damaged it will not heal itself

Question 3

The branch of medicine that deals with structure, function and disease of the kidney is known as _______.

Answer 3

Nephrology.

Question 4

The branch of surgery related to male and female urinary systems, and the male reproductive system is known as ______

Answer 4

Urology.

Question 5

How much blood is filtered by the kidneys?

Answer 5

1.2-1.4L every minute

Question 6

How much Glomerular Filtrate is made from kidney filtration per day?

Answer 6

About 200L

Question 7

How much urine leaves the body every day?

Answer 7

1-20L (depending on how much has been drank)

Usually 1 1/2 per day

Question 8

What are the three functions of the kidneys?

Answer 8

1. Filtration - of the blood
2. Regulation - the ionic composition
3. Endocrine - Kidneys produce Renin, Erythropoetin, Thrombopoetin, and Calcitriol

Question 9

What is the Hormone Renin involved in?

Answer 9

Regulating blood pressure

Question 10

What is Thrombopoetin involved in?

Answer 10

Creation of Platelets

Question 11

What is Calcitriol involved in?

Answer 11

Regulate calcium levels

Question 12

Kidney dysfunction is not evident until function declines by _____ percent of normal function

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

True or false: Kidneys can increase in size to accomodate for the other kidney dysfunctioning?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Complete the missing red labels

Answer 14

Question 15

What is a nephron?

Answer 15

A functional unit within the kidney which acts to produce urine

Question 16

What is the function of the Renal Pelvis?

Answer 16

To collect the glomerular filtrate produced by nephrons

Question 17

How many nephrons are within one kidney?

Answer 17

Approx 1 Million

Question 18

When does Glomerular filtrate become urine?

Answer 18

As soon as it enters the ureter (the fluid is the same thing, just called different things depending on where it is)

Question 19

What are the two components to a nephron?

Answer 19

1. Vascular Component
2. Tubular Component

Question 20

What are the two types of Nephron?

Answer 20

1. Cortical
2. Juxtamedullary

Question 21

What are the features of Cortical Nephrons?

Answer 21

• make up 80-85% of nephrons
• Located mainly in the cortex
• Shorter loop of henle
• Mainly involved in regulation of ions

Question 22

What are the features of Juxtamedullary Nephrons?

Answer 22

• Located at the cortex-medullary junction
• Longer loop of henle
• Mainly regulate water

Question 23

True or false: Cortical nephrons cannot regulate water due to its shorter loop of henle

Answer 23

False - both types of nephron can regulate ions and water

Question 24

Complete the missing red labels from this picture of a Nephron

Answer 24

Question 25

Where are glomerular capillaries formed?

Answer 25

Between the afferent and efferent arterioles in a nephron

Question 26

What is a Glomerulus?

Answer 26

A tuft of Glomerular Capillaries

Question 27

What is another term for the Glomerular Capsule?

Answer 27

Bowmans Capsule

Question 28

What is a Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule?

Answer 28

A round, cup shaped end of a renal tubule, which surrounds the Glomerulus

Question 29

What is the Renal Corpuscle?

Answer 29

The Glomerulus and Glomerular Capsule together

Question 30

Why is the BP in the Glomerulus high?

Answer 30

* Afferent Arterioles have larger diameters than the efferent arterioles, causing a bottleneck * Arterioles are high-resistance

Question 31

What does Tubular Reabsorption refer to?

Answer 31

Reabsorbtion of molecules from the Glomerular Filtrate in the Renal Tubule, into the peritubular capillaries.

Question 32

What does Tubular Secretion refer to?

Answer 32

Movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries into the Renal Tubule.

Question 33

Where does the bulk of Tubular Reabsorption occur and where does most of the fine-tuning occur?

Answer 33

* Bulk - Proximal Tubule * Fine-tuning - Distal / Loop of Henle

Question 34

True or false: Water is not absorbed on the Ascending side of the loop of Henle

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is a Diuretic?

Answer 35

A chemical which increases urinary output

Question 36

What type of chemicals are classed as Diuretics?

Answer 36

* Any substance not reabsorbed * Substances which exceed the ability of the renal tubules to reabsorb it * Substances which inhibit Na+ reabsorbtion

Question 37

Give three examples of Diuretics

Answer 37

1. High Glucose levels 2. Alcohol 3. Caffeine

Question 38

How does alcohol act as a Diuretic?

Answer 38

It inhibits ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) so less water is reabsorbed

Question 39

Hwo does Caffeine work as a Diuretic?

Answer 39

It inhibits Na+ reabsorption