Urinary System Anatomy

Question 1

Name the components of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra

Question 2

What is overall function of the kidneys?

Answer 2

To maintain homeostasis by blood filtration

Question 3

What is the function of the ureter?

Answer 3

Connects the kidneys and bladder allowing urine to pass from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 4

What is the function of the bladder?

Answer 4

Stores urine

Question 5

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 5

Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 6

Where do the kidneys lie?

Answer 6

On the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebrae

Question 7

What is the vertebral level of the kidneys?

Answer 7

T12-L3

Question 8

Which part of the kidney does the transpyloric plane run through?

Answer 8

Hilum of the kidney

Question 9

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

Answer 9

L1

Question 10

Which of the kidneys lie lower?

Answer 10

Right - the position of the liver

Question 11

What are the layers of the fascial coverings of the kidneys?

Answer 11

Fibrous renal capsule, fatty renal capsule, renal fascia and pararenal fatty tissue

Question 12

What is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidneys?

Answer 12

Protects the kidneys

Question 13

What are the three muscles that lie behind the kidneys?

Answer 13

Diaphragm, psoas major and quadratus lumbomum

Question 14

What structures lie over the right kidney?

Answer 14

Suprarenal gland, liver, duodenum, colon and jejunum

Question 15

What structures lie over the left kidney?

Answer 15

Suprarenal gland, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small bowel and left colonic flexture

Question 16

What is the nerve supply to the kidneys?

Answer 16

Sympathetic: T12-L1 (pass through the coeliac plexus and run alongside the renal artery
Parasympathetic: Branches of the vagus nerve

Question 17

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 17

Para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries

Question 18

At what vertebral level are the renal arteries given off from the aorta?

Answer 18

L1/2

Question 19

What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 19

It divides into five branches (some of these will end up on the posterior surface of the kidneys)

Question 20

Which vein drains into the left renal vein?

Answer 20

L Gonadal vein

Question 21

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

Answer 21

IVC

Question 22

How are the ureters peritonised?

Answer 22

Retroperitoneal

Question 23

Which muscle does the ureter lie on?

Answer 23

Psoas major

Question 24

Which structure crosses the ureter superiorly in males?

Answer 24

Vas deferens

Question 25

Which structure crosses the ureter superiorly in females?

Answer 25

Uterine artery

Question 26

Where are the three constrictions of the ureters?

Answer 26

Renal pelvis origin, pelvic brim and vesico-uteric junction

Question 27

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?

Answer 27

Urachus

Question 28

Which bone sits immediately anterior to the bladder?

Answer 28

Pubic symphysis

Question 29

What epithelium lines the bladder?

Answer 29

Transitional epithelium

Question 30

Where do the ureters lie in relation to the vertebrae?

Answer 30

In line with the transverse process