Urinary System Pt 1

Question 1

The kidney has several important homeostatic, hormonal, and metabolic
functions that include:

Answer 1

The maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis.
* Regulation of acid-base balance in conjunction with the respiratory system.
* Excretion of metabolic waste products, especially the toxic nitrogenous
compounds.
* Production of renin for blood pressure control and erythropoietin, which
stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
* Conversion of vitamin D into active form for the regulation of calcium
balance.

Question 2

_____ arterioles drain
the glomeruli & form
capillary networks

Answer 2

Efferent

Question 3

? Drain cortical nephrons
and form _____ take
up substances resorbed
by tubular epithelium)

Answer 3

peritubular
capillary network

Question 4

(nephron) Two main components; ____) &
____

Answer 4

renal
corpuscle (filters blood plasma & renal tubule (modifies filtrate to
form urine)

Question 5

Two main components; renal
corpuscle (filters blood plasma) &
renal tubule (modifies filtrate to
form urine)

Answer 5

*?

Question 6

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 6

nephron

Question 7

(filters blood plasma/filters fluid from blood)

Answer 7

renal
corpuscle

Question 8

(modifies filtrate to
form urine)

Answer 8

renal tubule

Question 9

nephron: Parts are modified for
specific ____
functions

Answer 9

physiological

Question 10

(nephron)
____– can be
subcapsular (short loops)
or midcortical
(inetermediate)

Answer 10

Cortical

Question 11

Juxtamedullary (long)

Answer 11

*

Question 12

Role of the ____: Maintenance of internal fluid
composition and volume (internal environment)

Answer 12

Kidneys

Question 13

Tuft of fenestrated capillaries - the glomerulus; Surrounded by ____

Answer 13

urinary (Bowman’s) capsule

Question 14

(renal corpuscle) Capillaries invaginate into Bowman’s capsule.Capillaries are in contact with the _______

Answer 14

visceral layer (podocytes).

Question 15

Secrete the mesangial matrix as well
as vasoactive factors and
cytokines.

Answer 15

Mesangial Cells

Question 16

Main structural
components of the mesangial matrix are:

Answer 16

collagen type IV, laminin,
fibronectin and proteoglycans.

Question 17

The primary phagocytic function of
mesangial cells is to remove
_____from the basement
membrane thus keeping the filter
free of debris.

Answer 17

trapped residues and aggregated
protein

Question 18

The contractile properties of
mesangial cells have been
suggested in changing the ____ of the glomerulus.

Answer 18

filtration
pressure

Question 19

Fluid from ____ leaks into the urinary space through a
complex filtration barrier

Answer 19

capillaries

Question 20

Fluid from capillaries leaks into the urinary space through a
complex filtration barrier
1. Fenestrated capillary endothelium
2. Basal lamina (basement membrane)
3. Podocytes of the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 20

Filtration barrier

Question 21

High ____ charge on some components of both basal
lamina (glycoprotein podocalyxin) and surface of podocyte
processes

Answer 21

polyanionic

Question 22

Fenestrated
●Large pores not covered by
a diaphragm
●Permeable to water, urea,
glucose & small proteins
●Barrier only to formed
elements in blood & large
macromolecules

Answer 22

Glomerular capillaries

Question 23

____ contains:
Type IV collagen
Laminin
Fibronectin
Negatively-charged
proteoglycans

Answer 23

Lamina rarae

Question 24

Each pedicel has a
glycocalyx of
_____-charged
podocalyxin

Answer 24

negatively

Question 25

(Each Pedicels) Separated by clefts ___

Answer 25

filtration slits

Question 26

(Each Pedicels) Covered by a porous slit diaphragm made of protein ____

Answer 26

nephrin.

Question 27

(Each Pedicels Acts as additional barrier to large macromolecules, proteins, negatively charged molecules & blood cells. Podocytes have _____ functions.

Answer 27

phagocytic

Question 28

Describe the filtration process:

Answer 28

Blood enters glomerulus via afferent arteriole ●Arteriole pressure forces fluid through fenestrae of capillary endothelium ● Large molecules are trapped by the basal lamina ●Negatively charged molecules are stopped by the basal lamina & podocytes ●Fluid passes though pores in slit diaphragm to enter the urinary space ➔ PCT.

Question 29

Site of “Bulk Operations”, it begins at urinary pole. Primary site of water resorption, removes 75% of water and ions (Na, Cl)

Answer 29

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (found only in cortex)

Question 30

Extensive reabsorption of glomerular filtrate (microvilli). NA+ (active transport) Cl- (passive diffusion) H20 (AQP-1, aquaporin-1) small transmembrane channel

Answer 30

proximal tubule