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Ultrasound > Urinary System Scanning Protocol > Flashcards

Urinary System Scanning Protocol Flashcards

1
Q

upper urinary tract

A

Kidneys

Ureters

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2
Q

Lower urinary tract

A

Urinary bladder

Urethra

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3
Q

Removing water and waste products from the blood

A

Filtration

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4
Q

Removing wastes in the form of urine

A

Excretion

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5
Q

Maitaining the salt to water balance and help in regulating blood pressure

A

Maintenance

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6
Q

Producing hormones that are deployed through the body

A

Hormone production

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7
Q

Kidneys are located at _______ of spine

A

Retroperitoneum

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8
Q

Kidneys are at the level of

A

T12 and L4

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9
Q

Right kidneys are _____ than the left kidney

A

Lower

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10
Q

Right kidneys is posteroinferior to the

A

Liver and gallbladder

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11
Q

Left kidney is inferior and medial of

A

Spleen

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12
Q

Presents as midgray or medium to low-level homogeneous echoes

A

Renal cortex

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13
Q

Consists of medullary pyramids which appears as triangular , round or blunted anechoic areas

A

Renal medulla

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14
Q

Rebal medulla is _______ thick

A

1.2 - 1.5 cm

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15
Q

Have a distinctive and readily identifiable appearance

A

Anechoic pyramids

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16
Q

Bright echodense ovoid central portion of the kidney with irregular borders

A

Renal sinus

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17
Q

It houses the collecting system , lymphatic and renal vessels

A

Renal sinus

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18
Q

Outer cover is the

A

Rind / capsule

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19
Q

Collecting system is called

A

Pelvocalyceal / calicopelvic

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20
Q

Renal cortex of normal kidney pediatrics

A

Hyperechoic

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21
Q

Medullary pyramids in the pediatric kidney is

A

More visible

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22
Q

Transducer

A

3.5 mHz

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23
Q

Recommeded positioning

A

Supine
Prone
Right and left decubitus

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24
Q

Ptosis of the kidney is suspected at

A

Upright projection

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25
Q

Important factors to evaluate the renal parenchyma

A

Proper gain control

Sensitivity time control

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26
Q

To delineate different sections of the kidney

A

Longitudinal and transverse

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27
Q

Right kidneys are seen using the window

A

Right lobe of the liver

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28
Q

Landmark of the left kidney

A

Spleen

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29
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

9-10 cm

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30
Q

Vertical axis

A

4-5 cm

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31
Q

Neonatal

A

2-3 cm

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32
Q

Kidneys shrink due to

A

Atrophic changes

33
Q

Atropic changes

A

Age
Circulatory inefficiency
Renal disease

34
Q

Large kidney is larger to accomodate increase workload

A

Hypertrophy

35
Q

Renal disease to small kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic glumerulonephritis
Kimmelstiel wilson’s disease
Nepheosclerosis

36
Q

Large kidneys disease

A

Renal hypertension

Acute inflammatory disease

37
Q

It demostrates the tumor mass and whether the mass is solid or fluid

A

Ultrasound

38
Q

Classification of renal masses

A

Fluid -filled mass
Solid mass
Complex renal masses

39
Q

Round pouch of smooth , thin-walled tissue or closed pocket that is usually filled with fluid

A

Renal cyst

40
Q

True cyst is considered

A

Anechoic
Smooth
Exhibit posterior acoustic enhancement

41
Q

Considered benign

A

Cystic masses

42
Q

Usually malignant

A

Solid masses

43
Q

Most common malignant tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma

44
Q

Absence of a back wall tends to be irregular

A

Hypoechoic mass

45
Q

Smooth continuous wall

A

Cysts

46
Q

Exhibits both fluid and solid texture

A

Complex masses

47
Q

A rare tumor

A

Cystic renal cell carninoma

48
Q

Shows a complex pattern

A

Renal hematoma

49
Q

Most common benign tumor of the kidney

A

Angiomyolipoma

50
Q

Kidney stones

A

Nephrolithiasis

51
Q

A color phenomenon visible behind a strongly reflecting interface

A

Twinkling artifact

52
Q

Twinkling artifact is called

A

Scintillation artifact / twinkle artifact

53
Q

Twinkling artifact is beneficial for the detection of

A

Urinary tract stones

Urinary calculi

54
Q

Urine builds up in the kidneys and cannot drain out the bladder

A

Hydronephrosis

55
Q

3 components of hydronephrosis

A

Pelviectasis
Calliectasis
Hydroureter

56
Q

Lower segment of the ureter is obstructed the the urine

A

Pelviectasis

57
Q

Dilation of the renal calyces then follows

A

Calliectasis

58
Q

Dilation of ureter

A

Hydroureter

59
Q

Grading of hydronephrosis

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

60
Q

Visualization of the collecting system w/ blurring

A

Mild

61
Q

Dilation of the collecting system

A

Moderate

62
Q

Severely dilated ; clubbed calyces w/ thinning of cortical parenchyma

A

Severe

63
Q

Calcium levels in the kidneys are increased

A

Nephrocalcinosis

64
Q

Obtain characteristics shape by forming a cast of renal pelvis and calices resembling horns

A

Staghorn calculus / coral calculi

65
Q

Developmental renal anomaly characterized by abnormal anatomical location of one or both of the kidneys

A

Ectopic kidney ( renal ectopia )

66
Q

The effect of urine entering the urinary bladder ureteral orifices

A

Ureteral jets

67
Q

Described the sonographic appearanceof the urine filling bladder

A

Ureteral jets

68
Q

Sac that receives and stores urine produced by the kidney

A

Urinary bladder

69
Q

Urinary bladder is located at

A

Laterally lying psoas muscle

70
Q

The bladder lumen appears

A

Anechoic

71
Q

Insignificant

A
72
Q

Minimal

A

5-20%

73
Q

Moderate

A

21-30%

74
Q

Significant

A

30%

75
Q

Bladder stone

A

Urinary bladder calculi / vesical calculus / cystolith

76
Q

Outpouching from the bladder wall , whereby mucosa herniates through the bladder wall

A

Urinary bladder diverticulum

77
Q

Used to drain the bladder .

A

Urinary catheters

78
Q

Parts of the urinary system

A

2 kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Ultrasound (6 decks)

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