Urinary System Test

Question 1

5 ways kidneys maintain homeostasis

Answer 1

1. Regulation of water, blood, and interstitial fluid volumes
2. Excretion of wastes, solutes, and toxins
3. Regulation of pH in body
4. Regulation of normal blood pressure
5. Synthesis of calcitrol and erythropoietin

Question 2

5 factors that INCREASE metabolic rate

Answer 2

1. Exercise
2. Food intake
3. Hormones
4. Body temperature
5. Nervous stimulation

Question 3

4 factors that DECREASE metabolic rate

Answer 3

1. Sleep
2. Malnutrition
3. Hypothermia
4. Age

Question 4

List & define 4 primary routes of heat loss

Answer 4

1. Radiation - no physical contact
2. Conduction - direct physical contact
3. Convection - body to air
4. Evaporation - liquid to a gas

Question 5

Filtration

Answer 5

Movement of blood plasma across the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle

Question 6

Reabsorption

Answer 6

Return of needed substances back into the bloodstream

Question 7

Secretion

Answer 7

Toxins in the blood not removed by filtration are removed by tubular secretion

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

Removal of waste materials from the body

Question 9

Glycosuria

Answer 9

Sugar in urine

Question 10

Hematuria

Answer 10

Blood in urine

Question 11

Pyuria

Answer 11

Pus in urine

Question 12

Dysuria

Answer 12

Painful urination

Question 13

Polyuria

Answer 13

Larger amounts of urine

Question 14

Oliguria

Answer 14

Low amounts of urine

Question 15

Anuria

Answer 15

Absence of urine

Question 16

Casts

Answer 16

Substances of mucus that harden and form molds inside tubules

Question 17

6 components of urine

Answer 17

1. Nitrogen wastes
2. Electrolytes
3. Toxins
4. Pigments
5. Hormones
6. Various abnormal things

Question 18

Antidiuretic

Answer 18

Substance that inhibits urine formation

Question 19

Diuretic

Answer 19

Chemical that inhibits sodium reabsorption by kidneys resulting in increased urine volume

Question 20

Trigone

Answer 20

Triangular region on inner wall of bladder bordered by ureters and exit of urethra

Question 21

Micturition

Answer 21

Urination

Question 22

Electrolyte

Answer 22

Chemical that separates ions and conducts an electric current in a water solution

Question 23

Podocyte

Answer 23

cell that forms the visceral layer of a bowman’s capsule

Question 24

Homeostasis

Answer 24

State of well being

Question 25

ADH

Answer 25

Hormone that promotes conservation of water

Question 26

Urine

Answer 26

Fluid produced by kidneys

Question 27

Retroperitoneal

Answer 27

Pertaining to a structure lying external to the parietal peritoneum

Question 28

Adrenal glands

Answer 28

Glands superior to kidney

Question 29

Renal

Answer 29

Pertaining to the kidneys

Question 30

Nephrons

Answer 30

Structures within kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur

Question 31

Erythropoietin

Answer 31

Stimulates production of RBCs

Question 32

Renin

Answer 32

Stimulates secretion of aldosterone

Question 33

Cystitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of bladder

Question 34

Calculi

Answer 34

Kidney stones, increased salts in urine

Question 35

Congenital polycystic kidney disease

Answer 35

Kidney failure; abnormal development of renal tubules and collecting ducts causing cysts; genetic

Question 36

Diuresis

Answer 36

Increased production of urine

Question 37

Enuresis

Answer 37

Uncontrolled urination

Question 38

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 38

Inflammation of glomeruli; viral or bacterial infection

Question 39

Incontinence

Answer 39

Uncontrolled urination

Question 40

Pyelonephritis

Answer 40

Inflammation of renal pelus usually caused by bacteria ascending in the tract

Question 41

Retention/suppression

Answer 41

Inability to urinate

Question 42

Uremia

Answer 42

Toxic levels of urea in blood; indication of kidney failure

Question 43

Urethritis

Answer 43

Inflammation of urethra

Question 44

Urinary tract tumors

Answer 44

Usually carcinoma arising from epithelium of low grade malignancy

Question 45

Distention

Answer 45

When things are full

Question 46

Detrusor

Answer 46

Muscle that controls bladder relaxation and contraction

Question 47

Meatus

Answer 47

Opening where you pee

Question 48

Filtrate

Answer 48

Fluid and dissolved substances

Question 49

Nitrogenous waste

Answer 49

Metabolic waste containing nitrogen