Urinary Sytem

Question 1

what are the organs of the urinary system

Answer 1

the kidneys

the ureters

the urinary bladder

the urethra

Question 2

function of the kidneys

Answer 2

produce urine

Question 3

function of ureters

Answer 3

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 4

function of bladder

Answer 4

stores urine

Question 5

function of urethra

Answer 5

eliminates urine

Question 6

why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney

Answer 6

because the liver takes a lot of space on the right side which pushes right kidney down

Question 7

functions of the urinary system

Answer 7

excretion

elimination

homeostatic regulation of blood plasma

Question 8

excretion

Answer 8

the removal of organic waste products from body fluids

Question 9

elimination

Answer 9

the discharge of waste products into the environment

Question 10

homeostatic regulation of blood plasma

Answer 10

regulating blood volume and pressure

regulating plasma ion concentrations (SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE)

stabilizing blood pH (keeping our 7.4 pH)

conserving nutrients (ex: oreventing nutrient excretion by reabsorption)

detoxification

regulate electrolytes and acid base balance

secrete erythropoietin (STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF RBC)

Question 11

anatomy of the kidneys

Answer 11

left kidney is slighlty more superior than the right

both kidneys and adrenal glands are retroperitoneal (BEHIND THE PERITONEUM)

hilus: point of entry and exit for renal artery, renal nerves, and renal veins and ureter

Question 12

what are the 2 layers of the kidneys

Answer 12

outer cortex

inner medulla (6-18 renal pyramids)

Question 13

function of major and minor calyces and the pelvis

Answer 13

drain urine to the renal pelvis (CONNECTED TO THE URETERS)

Question 14

what is the functional unity of the kidney

Answer 14

the nephron

Question 15

what does the nephron consist of

Answer 15

renal corpuscle

renal tubule

Question 16

renal corpuscle

Answer 16

head of nephron

composed of bowman’s capsule and glomeruli

Question 17

bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

cover of the corpuscle that surrpinds the glomerulus

Question 18

glomerulus

Answer 18

network of capillaries found inside the corpuscle

Question 19

blood arrives by way of an _______ and departs in an _______

Answer 19

blood arrives by way of an afferent arteriole and departs in an efferent arteriole

Question 20

renal tubule

Answer 20

tubular passageway of the nephron

Question 21

what does the renal tubule consist of

Answer 21

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

loop of henle

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

collecting duct

Question 22

what are the 2 types of nephron

Answer 22

cortical nephrons : 85% of all nephrons , found in cortex

juxtamedullary nephrons : 15%,
closer to renal medulla,
loops of henle extend deep into renal pyramids

Question 23

functions of nephron

Answer 23

production of filtrate: happens at the corpuscle of the nephron

reabsorption of organic nutrients (glucose, amino acid) : happens at PCT

reabsoprtion of water and ions: happens at the tubular passageway (renal tubule). WANT POTASSIUM, SODIUM, WATER BACK. we want to get rid of urea and uric acid so we dont want to reabsorb it

secretion of waste products into tubular fluid: happens at DCT

Question 24

Filtration

Answer 24

Blood pressure forces fluid and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries and into the capsular space

PRODUCED AT THE RENAL CORPUSCLE OF THE NEPHRON

Question 25

The tubular passageway of the nephron is responsible for

Answer 25

Reabsorbing organic substrates and vitamins Reabsorbing water and electrolytes Secreting waste products

Question 26

Reabsorption

Answer 26

2nd process Occurs in tubular passageway of nephron One limitation to the filtration process is that the filtrate produced in the corpuscle contain organic substrates, vitamins and other beneficial material Will reabsorb water and solutes from filtrate

Question 27

Secretion

Answer 27

3rd process and occurs in tubular passageway Transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid

Question 28

What are the Processes of urine formation

Answer 28

Filtration Reabsorption Secretion

Question 29

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 29

Actively reabsorbing nutrients, plasma proteins and ions from filtrate Reabsorbing 60-70% of the filtrate produced Reabsorption of most organic nutrients Active and passive reabsorption of sodium and other ions Reabsorption of water

Question 30

Loop of Henley

Answer 30

Descending limb Ascending limb

Question 31

What is the primary function of nephron loop

Answer 31

Generate salinity gradient that enables collecting duct to concentrate the urine and conserve water

Question 32

Electrolyte reabsorption from filtrate

Answer 32

Thick segment reabsorbing 25% of Na+, K+, and Cl- in filtrate Water cant follow since thick segment is impermeable Tubular fluid is very dilute as i enters distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Answer 33

DCT performs final adjustment of urine Actively secretes ions, toxins, drugs Reabsorbing sodium ions from tubular fluid In exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions (secreted)

Question 34

Urine production maintains

Answer 34

Homeostasis Regulating blood volume and composition by excreting or reabsorbing water, sodium, hydrogen, and other electrolyte

Question 35

Excreting waste products in urine such as

Answer 35

Urea Creatinine Uric acid

Question 36

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 36

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys in one minute Factors that alter filtration pressure will change the GF A DROP IN PRESSURE WILL LEAD TO A DECREASE IN GFR

Question 37

Reabsorption along the collecting system

Answer 37

Sodium ion, bicarbonate, and urea are reabsorbed

Question 38

Secretion along the collecting system

Answer 38

PH is controlled by secretion of hydrogen or bicarbonate ions

Question 39

Composition of normal urine

Answer 39

Reflects filtration, absorption and secretion activity of the nephrons Urinalysis is the chemical and physical analysis of urine

Question 40

The renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism

Answer 40

A system of hormones that helps control blood pressure and GFR

Question 41

In response to a drop in blood pressure, baroreceptors in carotid and aorta stimulate the

Answer 41

sympathetic nervous system

Question 42

Sympathetic fibers trigger release of renin by RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE MECHANISM

Answer 42

Kidneys granular cells

Question 43

Renin converts angiotensionogen to RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE MECHANISM

Answer 43

Angiotensin I

Question 44

What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Answer 44

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) IN LUNGS AND KIDNEYS

Question 45

Urine production ends with fluid entering the

Answer 45

Renal pelvis

Question 46

Parts of the urinary system that transports, stores, and eliminates

Answer 46

Ureters Bladder Urethra

Question 47

The ureters

Answer 47

Pair of muscular tubes Extend from renal pelvis to bladder Peristaltic contractions force urine toward the urinary bladder

Question 48

Urinary bladder

Answer 48

Hollow, muscular organ Reservoir for the storage of urine Contraction of debris or muscle voids bladder

Question 49

Urethra

Answer 49

Extends fro urinary bladder to exterior of the body Passes through urogenital diaphragm (external urinary sphincter) Differs i length and function in males and females

Question 50

Urination is coordinated by

Answer 50

Micturition reflex Initiated by stretch receptors in wall of bladder Urination requires coupling micturition reflex with relaxation of external urethral sphincter