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Urogenital system > Urinary Tract Anatomy > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system together with genitals develop from _________ and both enter a common cavity: ________

A

intermediate mesoderm; cloaca

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2
Q

pronephros appears in the _____ week of developmen

A

4th

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3
Q

the mesonephros in the middle of the 2nd monnth forms a __________ on each side of the midline

A

large ovoid organ

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4
Q

the definitive kidney

A

metanephros

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5
Q

the metanephros appears on the

A

5th week

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6
Q

the collecting system develops from the

A

ureteric duct/ bud outgrowth of the mesonephric duct

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7
Q

the ureteric bud gives rise to the

A

ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and 1-3M collecting tubules

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8
Q

the fifth and successive generations of the tubules form the

A

renal pyramid

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9
Q

covers the newly formed collecting tubule at its distal end

A

metanephric tissue cap

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10
Q

tubules and glomeruli form _________

A

nephrons

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11
Q

continuous lengthening of the excretory tubule results in the formation of

A

proximal convoluted tubule, loop Henle, and distal CT

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12
Q

urine formation by the _____ week

A

10th

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13
Q

initially the kidney is in the ______ then later shifts into ________

A

pelvic region; more cranial position in the abdomen

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14
Q

the definitive kidney from the metanephros becomes functional near the ______ week

A

12th

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15
Q

T or F. during fetal life the kidneys are responsible for the excretion of wastes

A

False, placenta

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16
Q

3 capsules of the kidney

A 
Renal fascia (transversalis fascia)
Adipose capsule (perirenal fat)
Capsule proper
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17
Q

a fibrous membrane which normally strips easily form the kidney

A

capsule proper

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18
Q

vertical slit on the medial border of the kidney

A

Hilus

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19
Q

the hilus leads nto a wide space inside the kidney called

A

the sinus of the kidney

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20
Q

the calyces unite to form the

A

ureter

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21
Q

the dilated proximal end of the ureter is called the

A

pelvis of the ureter

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22
Q

structures that lie in the sinus

A

renal artery and veins, calyces, lymph vessels, sympa nerve fibers, and fat

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23
Q

right kidney lies lower than the left because of the

A

volume of the right lobe of the liver

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24
Q

12th rib and outer border of sacrospinalis muscle form an angle known as

A

kidney angle

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25
Q

T/F: left kidney is a little shorter and wider

A

false, longer and narrower

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26
Q

the kidneys rests on 4 muscles

A

above: diaphragm
lateral: transversus muscle
medial: psoas
between preceeding 2: quadratus lumborum

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27
Q

the long axis is oriented

A

inferolaterally

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28
Q

transverse axis is oriented

A

posteromedially

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29
Q

the kidneys lie at an _____ angle

A

oblique

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30
Q

which is longer, right or left renal vein?

A

left

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31
Q

the renal artery sends a branch behind the ureter called

A

retroureteric branch of the RA

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32
Q

the renal nerves are derived from

A

12th thoracic (subcostal) and 1st lumbar (iliohypogastric and iliolinguinal nerves)

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33
Q

3 nerves lie in the pararenal fat; they lie between the _____ and _____ muscles

A

transversus abdominis and internal oblique

34
Q

fascail relations of the kidney

A

lumbodorsal and renal fascia

35
Q

renal fascia is derived from

A

transversalis fascia

36
Q

2 layers of renal fascia fuse at the ____ pole but remain separated at _____ pole

A

upper and lower

37
Q

the perirenal fat lies in the

A

fascial space of Gerota

38
Q

2nd covering of the kidney

A

perirenal fat

39
Q

the pararenal fat is located between

A

aponeurosis of origin of the transversus abdominis and the posterior layer of renal fascia

40
Q

on kidney transplants the incision is made where

A

above the inguinal ligament

41
Q

expansile muscular tubes

A

ureters

42
Q

dividing point between the abdominal and pelvic portions of the ureters

A

ileopectineal line

43
Q

the ureter is an outgrowth from ____ and enter the bladder separately

A

mesonephric duct

44
Q

the pelvic ureter is divided into 3 portions

A 
pars posterior (uterosacral ligament)
pars intermedia (mackenrodt's ligament)
pars anterior (vesicouterine ligament)
45
Q

pars posterior begins at the level of

A

sacroiliac joint

46
Q

pars posterior reach upper edge of macknrodt’s L via

A

uterosacral ligament

47
Q

pars posterior forms posterior boundary of

A

ovarian fossa

48
Q

pars intermedia runs in

A

mackenrod’s Ligament

49
Q

pars anterior extends from its entrance into the _____ as far as the ureteral orifice of the bladder

A

vesicouterine ligament

50
Q

hollow organ that contains urine

A

urinary bladder

51
Q

during ___ to ____ weeks of dev, the cloaca divides into ______ and _____

A

4th to 7th; urogeintal sinus and anal canal

52
Q

layer of mesoderm between primitive anal canal and urogenital sinus

A

urorectal septum

53
Q

initially the bladder is continuous with the

A

allantois

54
Q

3 portions of urogenital sinus

A

urinary bladder
pelvic part
phallic part

55
Q

the pelvic part in males gives rise to

A

prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra

56
Q

median umbilical ligament

A

urachus

57
Q

lateral umbilical ligament

A

atrophied fetal umbilical arteries

58
Q

posteriorly, bladder is supported by the

A

rectovesical fascia (Denonvilliers)

59
Q

5 coats

A

serous, fascial, muscular, submucous, mucous

60
Q

extraperitoneal tissue

A

fascial

61
Q

at the neck of the bladder, the bundles become massed together to form a ring called the

A

sphincter of the bladder

62
Q

forms a loose connection between muscular and mucous coats

A

submucous

63
Q

triangular area which occupies most of the inner surface of the posterior bladder wall

A

trigone

64
Q

the trigone remains ____ even when the bladder is empty

A

smooth

65
Q

the apex of the trigone is formed by the

A

internal urethral orifice

66
Q

3 opening into the bladder

A

2 orifices of ureters

internal urethral orifice

67
Q

the base of the trigone corresponds to a line which passes between the 2 ureteral orifices known as

A

interureteric ridge

68
Q

the arteries of the bladder are derived from

A

internal iliac artery

69
Q

supplies the superolateral wall of the bladder

A

superior vesical artery

70
Q

supplies a branch to the posterior surface of the bladder

A

middle hemorrhoidal artery

71
Q

the veins of the bladder form

A

perivesical plexuses

72
Q

the perivesical plexus drains into

A

inferior vesical veins

73
Q

in males larger veins lie in the groove between the bladder and prostate and form the

A

vesicoprostatic plexus

74
Q

nerves of the bladder

A

sympa, para and pudendal

75
Q

filling nerves of the bladder

A

sympathetic nerves

76
Q

sympathetic nerves of the bladder

A

hypogastric plexus

77
Q

parasympathetic nerves nerves of the bladder

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

78
Q

emptying nerves

A

parasympathetic

79
Q

the parasympathetic nerves stimulate contraction of the _____ muscle, elevation of _____ and relaxation of the ______

A

detrusor muscle
elavation of trigone
relaxation of interal sphincter

80
Q

voluntary relaxation of the external sphncter are controlled by the _____ nerve

A

pudendal

81
Q

small masses that develop when urine becomes concentrated

A

kidney stones

Urogenital system (6 decks)

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