Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards Preview

Renal & Urinary Tract > Urinary Tract Infection > Flashcards

Flashcards in Urinary Tract Infection Deck (12)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Risk factors of UTI

A

Secual intercourse

Urinary stasis

Catheters

2
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Infection of the bladder

3
Q

Clinical presentations of cystitis?

A

Dysuria

Urinary frequency

Suprapubic pain

Systemic signs usually absent

4
Q

What are the laboratory findings in cystitis?

A

Urinalysis – cloudy urine with > 10 WBCs/high power field

Dipstick – Positive leukocyte esterase (due to pyuria)

Culture – greater than 100,000 colony forming units (gold standard)

5
Q

What are the bacterial species that cause cystitis?

A

E coli (80%)

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

Enterococcus faecalis

6
Q

What is sterile pyuria and what condition is it sugesstive of?

A

Sterile pyuria is the presence of pyuria with a negative urine culture

Suggests urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoaea

7
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Infection of the kidney usually due to ascending infection

8
Q

Clinical presentations of pyelonephritis

A

Fever

Flank pain

WBC casts

Leukocytosis

9
Q

Most common pathogens of pyelonephritis

A

E coli

Klebsiella species

Enterococcus faecalis

10
Q

What is chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis

due to vesicoureteal reflux (children) or obstruction

11
Q

What damage to the kidneys result from chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Leads to cortical scarring with blunted calyces

Scarring at upper and lower poles is characteristic of vesicoureteral reflux

12
Q

What kind of casts may be seen in chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Waxy casts

They result from atrophic tubules containing eosinophilic proteinacious material that resemble thyroid follicles