Urinary_Brainscape

Question 1

Germ Layers that form the Urinary System

Answer 1

Intermediate Mesoderm & Endoderm

Question 2

Position of Intermediate Mesoderm Differentiation

Answer 2

Retroperitoneal

Question 3

Pronephroi (Where, When, Function?)

Answer 3

C5-C7, Wk 4, Non-functional, PRONEPHRIC DUCT

Question 4

Mesonephroi (Where, When, Function)

Answer 4

T1-L3, Wk 4-10, Filter waste, Mesonephric Tubule-> Primordial Nephron, Mesonephric Duct

Question 5

Metanephroi (Where, When, Function)

Answer 5

Pelvic Region, Wk 5/9-10, Definitive Kidney

Question 6

Ureteric Bud

Answer 6

Epithelium from IM, Ureter, Renal Pelvis, Major/Minor Calyces, Collecting Ducts/Tubules

Question 7

Metanephric Blastema

Answer 7

Mesenchyme from IM, Nephron (Bowman’s Capsule, Prox. Conv. Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Conv. Tubule)

Question 8

How does the definitive kidney form?

Answer 8

Recipricol Induction between the Ureteric Bud Epithelium and the Metanephric Mesenchyme

Question 9

Explain the lobulations of the fetal kidneys

Answer 9

Nephrons meet the collecting ducts and grow at different rates, causing lobulations that smooth out after birth with further nephron growth (size, not #)

Question 10

What causes the kidneys to ascend?

Answer 10

Growth of the sacral and lumbar regions of the body

Question 11

How do the kidneys receive blood during ascent?

Answer 11

Transient arteries that form and degenerate

Question 12

Function of the Urorectal Septum

Answer 12

Forms the perineal body while dividing the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

Question 13

The parts of the cloaca

Answer 13

Cranial/Vesical, Pelvic, Caudal/Phalic

Question 14

Cranial/Vesical Cloaca becomes…

Answer 14

the Urinary bladder in both sexes

Question 15

Pelvic part of the Cloaca becomes…

Answer 15

Membranous & Prostatic Urethra in Males; entire Urethra in Females

Question 16

Caudal/Phalic part of Cloaca becomes…

Answer 16

part of the Penile Urethra in Males; Vestibule in Females

Question 17

Trigone of the Bladder is derived from

Answer 17

Mesonephric Ducts (IM); Cranial proliferations causes caudal growth

Question 18

Relation of Ureters to the Mesonephric ducts in the Trigone

Answer 18

Ureters are pulled cranial by the kidneys, Mesonephric ducts are pulled caudal by the testis

Question 19

Bilateral Renal Agenisis

Answer 19

Incompatible with life, causes Oligohydramnios –> Potters Sequence

Question 20

Unilateral Renal Agenesis

Answer 20

Compatible with life, asymptomatic

Question 21

Autosomal Dominant PKD

Answer 21

Cysts grow in the kidneys later in life (30-40s) causing renal failure; transplants or dialysis possible

Question 22

Autosomal Recessive PKD

Answer 22

Cysts grow in the kidneys in utero or within the first few years of life, usually fatal

Question 23

Pelvic Kidney

Answer 23

Kidneys fail to ascend; Higher chance of urinary tract infections, otherwise asymptomatic

Question 24

Horshoe Kidney

Answer 24

Metanephric Mesenchyme of both kidneys fuse caudally and get caught on the IMA during ascent; increased risk of Urinary tract infections

Question 25

Accessory Renal Arteries

Answer 25

Transient arteries do not degenerate during ascent; Supply specific segment of kidney; damage to this artery will cause necrosis only to the specific region it supplied

Question 26

Urachal Cyst

Answer 26

Asymptomatic until it becomes infected

Question 27

Urachal Sinus

Answer 27

Usually a urachal cyst that forms an external opening to drain itself; may also be a diverticulum off the bladder

Question 28

Urachal Fistula

Answer 28

Allows urine to pass from the bladder through the umbilicus

Question 29

Extrophy of the Bladder/Cloaca

Answer 29

Failure of the ventral body wall to fuse completely ventral to the pelvic region; Cloacal Extrophy more serious; Impedes formation of the urinary and genital systems; may require surgical intervention if not fatal