Urine Analysis Flashcards
(35 cards)
Which urine sample is preferred for analysis?
Second morning urine sample using midstream technique
When should urine analysis be performed after collection?
Within 2–4 hours at room temperature
But ph should be checked imediately
What preservatives can be used for urine?
Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.
How should urine be stored for delayed analysis?
At 2°C - 8°C for up to 12 hours.
What should be avoided before urine collection?
Strenuous physical activity for 72 hours
Urine collection should be avoided during Menstruation
For catheterised patients: use fresh urine, avoid urobags
Why should pH be checked immediately in urine?
pH increases over time can affect the analysis. As time goes by the urine become more and more alkaline
What drug causes pink-colored urine?
1) Desferrioxamine
2) Beetroot ingestion.
What drugs can darken urine upon standing?
Imipenem + cilastatin
Imepenam is cabapenam group of antibiotics and cilastatin is dehydropeptidase inhibitor which prevents in breaking down of imepenam and ensure prolonged antibiotic effect
What drug can cause green-colored urine?
Triamterene (an ENaC blocker).
Which medications can turn urine brown?
Nitrofurantoin
It is given in non complicated uti
What causes orange-colored urine?
Rifampicin, Entacapone (COMT inhibitor).
COMT inhibitors are used to treat S/E of levodopa in parkinsonism
What does pungent-smelling urine indicate?
Infection (due to ammonia produced by bacteria).
Musty or mousy odor in urine suggests?
Phenylketonuria (PKU).
What condition is indicated by curry or maple syrup smell in urine?
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD).
What conditions are associated with sweaty feet odor in urine?
Isovaleric acidemia
Glutaric aciduria type II
What condition is associated with a cabbage-like odor in urine?
Tyrosinemia type I
What condition is indicated by a rancid butter smell in urine?
Tyrosinemia type I
What does a cat urine smell in urine suggest?
Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD)
What condition is indicated by an acid smell in urine?
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA)
Fishy smelling urine is characteristic of what condition?
Trimethylaminuria
Sulfurous odor in urine is associated with which condition?
Cystinuria
Sweet-smelling urine is indicative of which condition?
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency
A swimming pool-like smell in urine suggests what condition?
Hawkinsinuria
What is the normal pH range of urine?
4.0 – 4.5 (acidic)
