Urine Biochemistry

Question 1

What is the normal pH range of urine?

Answer 1

The normal pH range of urine is typically between 4.5 and 8.0.

Question 2

True or False: A pH of 7.0 in urine indicates a neutral solution.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the main protein typically tested for in urine?

Answer 3

Albumin

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The presence of protein in urine is known as _______.

Answer 4

proteinuria

Question 5

What is the significance of glucose in urine?

Answer 5

The presence of glucose in urine may indicate diabetes mellitus.

Question 6

True or False: Ketones in urine can indicate uncontrolled diabetes.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the term for the presence of blood in urine?

Answer 7

Hematuria

Question 8

What is bilirubin in urine indicative of?

Answer 8

Bilirubin in urine is indicative of liver dysfunction or disease.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Urobilinogen is produced from the breakdown of _______.

Answer 9

bilirubin

Question 10

What does a positive nitrite test in urine suggest?

Answer 10

A positive nitrite test suggests a urinary tract infection.

Question 11

True or False: White blood cells (WBC) in urine can indicate an infection.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the normal range for urobilinogen in urine?

Answer 12

The normal range for urobilinogen in urine is 0.2 to 1.0 mg/dL.

Question 13

What does a high protein level in urine suggest?

Answer 13

A high protein level in urine can suggest kidney disease.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The presence of ketones in urine is often associated with _______.

Answer 14

starvation or uncontrolled diabetes

Question 15

What does the presence of bilirubin in urine indicate?

Answer 15

It indicates possible liver dysfunction or hemolysis.

Question 16

What is the function of nitrites in urine testing?

Answer 16

Nitrites are used to detect bacterial infections in the urinary tract.

Question 17

True or False: The presence of urobilinogen in urine is always abnormal.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What does a negative glucose test in urine indicate?

Answer 18

It indicates that glucose levels are within normal limits.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The presence of WBC in urine is known as _______.

Answer 19

pyuria

Question 20

What is the typical method for measuring urine pH?

Answer 20

Urine pH is typically measured using pH test strips.

Question 21

What does a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio help assess?

Answer 21

It helps assess the degree of proteinuria.

Question 22

True or False: All urinary tract infections will show positive nitrites.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What could a low level of urobilinogen in urine indicate?

Answer 23

It could indicate liver disease or blockage of bile ducts.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: A positive urine test for ketones may indicate a condition called _______.

Answer 24

ketoacidosis

Question 25

What does the presence of blood in urine typically require?

Answer 25

It requires further investigation to determine the cause.

Question 26

What is the primary cause of hematuria?

Answer 26

Infections, kidney stones, or trauma.

Question 27

True or False: Urobilinogen is normally present in urine.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What does the presence of high levels of WBC in urine suggest?

Answer 28

It suggests a possible urinary tract infection or inflammation.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The presence of glucose in urine can lead to _______.

Answer 29

osmotic diuresis

Question 30

What is the significance of urine specific gravity?

Answer 30

It indicates the concentration of solutes in urine.

Question 31

What does a low urine pH indicate?

Answer 31

It may indicate acidosis or dehydration.

Question 32

True or False: Normal urine should contain bilirubin.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is a common cause of ketones in urine?

Answer 33

Fasting or prolonged exercise.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Elevated levels of nitrites may suggest the presence of _______.

Answer 34

bacteria

Question 35

What is the clinical significance of urine tests for protein, glucose, and ketones?

Answer 35

They are used to assess kidney function and metabolic disorders.

Question 36

What can a urine culture identify?

Answer 36

It can identify specific bacteria causing a urinary tract infection.

Question 37

True or False: The color of urine can indicate hydration status.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the role of urine dipstick tests?

Answer 38

They provide a quick assessment of various substances in urine.