UROGENITAL

Question 1

urinary system

Answer 1

elim of nitrogenous waste and maintenance of water balance

Question 2

genital system

Answer 2

for reproduction

Question 3

what is the gist of the kidney

Answer 3

water treatment plant

Question 4

components of the uriniferous tubule

Answer 4

bowmanns capsule
nephric tubule
collecting tubule

Question 5

bowmans (renal) capsule function

Answer 5

collects fluid from capillaries usually the glomulerus

Question 6

nephric tubule function

Answer 6

modifies the composition of fluid

Question 7

collecting tubule function

Answer 7

conveys fluid and potentially modifies and brings it to a shared duct

Question 8

renal corpsucle function

Answer 8

glomulerus plus the renal bowman capsule

Question 9

nephron

Answer 9

nephric tubule plus bowmanns capsule

Question 10

collecting system

Answer 10

collecting tubules plus shared duct

Question 11

what happens in the uriniferous tubules

Answer 11

blood components enter the bowmanns capsule as glomular filtrate and then becomes urine

some further components are also secreted and resorption into blood happens

Question 12

what type of organization does kidney have

Answer 12

tripartite

Question 13

what are 3 parts of the kidney making it tripartite

Answer 13

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

Question 14

opisthonephros

Answer 14

mesonephros + metanephros

Question 15

archinephric duct

Answer 15

the duct that is formed to recieve urine during early anterior kidney development

may also be coopted for sperm transfprt and its called vas defrens if it doesnt transport urine

Question 16

pronephric duct

Answer 16

from pronephros only

Question 17

mesonephric duct

Answer 17

from the mesonephros but maybe also pronephros

Question 18

accessory urinary duct

Answer 18

forms later in devel and takes over the archinephric ducts role

Question 19

pronephros

Answer 19

anterior kidney region

appears in basically all verteb embryos

usually degenerates in later devel and might never even fully devel

tubules from this pronephric duct extend into cloaca

Question 20

mesenephros

Answer 20

middle kid region

tubules devel after pronephric and tap into the pronephric duct which then becomes the mesenephric duct

usually functional in all embryo anf either dissapears in adults or combines with metanephros to make opisthonephros

Question 21

metanephros

Answer 21

posterior kidney region

tubules develop after mesenephric

diff in amniotes and non amnitoes

Question 22

metanephros in non amniotes

Answer 22

combines w the mesonephric tubules to become the opisthonehric kidney

either tap into mesoephric duct and become opisthonephric duct, or it joins w mesonepric tubules to make new accessory opithoermic duct

Question 23

metenephros in amniotes

Answer 23

as mesenephros degenerates it forms the adult metanpehric kidney

builds the acessory metanephric duct which is the ureter

Question 24

kidney development simple m

Answer 24

mesomeric mesoderm

nephric ridge

segmented into nephrotomes with nephrocoel
— nephrotome is precursor for unrinferous tubule

lateral ends of nephrotomes merge into common archinephric duct extending into the cloaca of embryo

medial ends of nephrotomes may form bowmans capsules, narrow tips

Question 25

holonephros

Answer 25

hypothetical kidney developing from entire nephric ridge in anterior to posterior sequence

one uriniferous tubule per body segment

large glomuerli with open periotenial funnels present

nephric tubules drain directly into collecting tubules

NOT REAL OR PRESENT

Question 26

hagfish kidney

Answer 26

MESO

pronephros in embryo
mesonephros forms adult kidney
30-35 pairs of mesonephric glomerular uriniferous tubules

Question 27

lamprey kidney

Answer 27

OPISTHO

pronephros in early ammocoete
mesonephros in late ammocoete
metaneohric added to form opisthonephric kidney

Question 28

gnathosomes (jaw) and amphib kidney

Answer 28

OPISTHO

proneprhos in embryo/larva
opisthonerphros with opisthonephric duct in adult
archinephric duct carries sperm and urine in males

Question 29

amniote kidney

Answer 29

META —- NO PRONEPH

mesonephros in embryo
metanephros in adult and the mesen degen
metanephric duct (ureter) comes
mesophrenic duct becomes vas def in males and none in female

Question 30

reptile kidney

Answer 30

META

metanephric which is divided into lobes

Question 31

bird kidney (under reptile)

Answer 31

atleast 3 lobes
kidney protected by synscacrum
collecting duct merges to make ureter branch which merges to make ureter

Question 32

mammal kidney

Answer 32

renal pelvis branches out as major and minor calyces
collecting ducts drain into the calcyes
outer cortex, inner medulls

Question 33

why excretion needed

Answer 33

metabolic activities produce NH3 which need to go

Question 34

ammonotelism

Answer 34

direct excretion of ammonia

fish and larval lissamphib (thrugh gills and skin)
needs large amount of water but must happen constantly

Question 35

ureotoelism

Answer 35

excretion of ammonia as urea

mammals, lissamph and turtles through urine

Question 36

uricotelism

Answer 36

excretion of ammonia as uric acid

urea non toxic, can accum
reptiles form semi solid percip in cloaca
urea is insoluble - makes percip

Question 37

facultative excretion

Answer 37

optional, nh3 and urea can be easily excrted in water but only latter can be stored

Question 38

facultative excretion in african lungfish and turtles

Answer 38

convert nh3 to urea which is held and then excreted later when back in water

Question 39

facultative excretion in mammals

Answer 39

excrete high concentrated urea solution bcuz of loop of henle so urea elim w/ little water loss