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2a Resp > URTIs part 2 > Flashcards

URTIs part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis which can swell to obstruct the airways

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2
Q

What age group is epiglottitis most commonly seen in?

A

Under 5 y/os

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3
Q

What is the most common organism responsible for epiglottitis?

A

H influenzae

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4
Q

What are symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

Tripoding (leaning forwards, mouth open and tongue out to get air in)
Sore throat
SOB

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5
Q

how is epiglottitis diagnosed?

A

Gold standard = Laryngoscopy

lateral XR shows thumb print sign

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6
Q

What is whooping cough?

A

Chronic cough caused by Bordella pertussis

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Bordetella Pertussis?

A

Gram negative bacilli

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8
Q

What age group does whooping cough mainly affect?

A

Under 5 y/os

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9
Q

What does Bordetella pertussis bacteria attach to?

A

Cilia, and produce toxins which paralyse the cilia and cause inflammation of respiratory tract

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10
Q

What is the adhesin of Bordetella Pertussis to the respiratory epithelium?

A

filamentous hemagglutinin

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11
Q

During the initial catarrhal stage of whooping cough, the bacteria multiply in the URT and individuals become contagious. What are the symptoms at this point?

A

Mild cough
Runny nose
Sneezing
Low grade fever

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12
Q

After 1-2 weeks of catarrhal stage of whooping cough, the p____ stage occurs

A

paroxysmal

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13
Q

What occurs during the paroxysmal stage of whooping cough?

A

Severe and prolonged bouts of coughing
Characteristic high-pitched “whooping” as struggles to inhale air after coughing.

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14
Q

Coughing fits in whooping cough may become so severe it causes…

A

Vomiting (due to intense pressure in chest)

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15
Q

After the paroxysmal stage (several weeks/months) is the c____ stage whereby coughing episodes decrease and there may be a lingering cough and fatigue

A

convalescent

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16
Q

What are complications of whooping cough?

A

Pneumonia
Otitis media
Encephalopathy
Seizures
Respiratory failure

17
Q

Which toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis inhibits phagocyte chemotaxis?

A

Adenylate cyclase toxin

18
Q

What does pertussis toxin do?

A

Inhibits alveolar macrophages

19
Q

What does adenylate cyclase toxin do?

A

Inhibits phagocyte chemotaxis

20
Q

What is another name for croup?

A

Laryngobronchitis

21
Q

What is croup / laryngobronchitis?

A

An occasional complication of upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI), inflammation and swelling of larynx, trachea and bronchi.
Most commonly viral infection like parainfluenza

22
Q

What age group does croup affect?

A

Under 3 y/os

23
Q

What are symptoms of croup?

A

Hoarse voice
Barking cough
Stridor (high pitched wheeze when inhaling)
Respiratory distress
Cyanosis

24
Q

What is treatment for croup?

A

Most cases resolve within a few days
if more severe, single dose of dexamethasone

2a Resp (15 decks)

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