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Midterms/Finals > US History 1 Midterm > Flashcards

US History 1 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

First President of the United States, set many precedents

A

George Washington

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2
Q

Third President, believed in strong state government, anti-federalist, Washington’s Secretary of State.

A

Thomas Jefferson

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3
Q

secretary of the treasury, wanted to back the British.

A

Alexander Hamilton

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4
Q

was created to issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds.

A

Bank of the United States

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5
Q

agreed with Jefferson about having a strong state government

A

Democratic Republicans

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6
Q

was established by the time Washington left office, a combination of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

A

two party system

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7
Q

an import tax on goods produced in Europe.

A

protective tariff

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8
Q

a tax on a product’s manufacture, sale, or distribution, to be levied on the manufacture of whiskey

A

excise tax

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9
Q

placing the interest of one region over those of the nation as a whole.

A

sectionalism

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10
Q

Four measures created in 1798. Three measures were the Alien Acts which raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years and allowed the president to deport or jail any alien considered undesirable. The last measure was the Sedition Act which set fines and jail terms for anyone trying to hinder the operation of the government or expressing negative statements against the government

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

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11
Q

that states had the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress that they deemed unconstitutional.

A

nullification

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12
Q

went on an expedition that took two years and four months and recorded invaluable information about the new territories.

A

Lewis and Clark

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13
Q

most important supreme court decision, Marbury never received his papers from James Madison and sued Madison for not doing his job correctly.

A

Marbury v. Madison

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14
Q

the ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

A

judical review

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15
Q

Monroe and Livingston made a deal with the French, paid them $15 million dollars for the whole Louisiana Territory and land drained by the western tributaries of the Mississippi River.

A

louisiana compromise

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16
Q

“cotton engine” accelerated the expansion of slavery.

A

cotton gin

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17
Q

speaker of the House of Representatives, led the war hawks

A

henry clay

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18
Q

unite the nation’s economic interests.

A

american system

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19
Q

the belief that the national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerts or interests of other countries.

A

Nationalism

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20
Q

a bold expression of nationalism, principle that the United States would not involve itself in European affairs

A

Monroe Doctrine

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21
Q

a series of agreements that allowed Missouri to be part of the union and still have the amount of slave states to free states.

A

Missouri Compromise

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22
Q

chief political opponent, widely considered a war hero and was popular nationwide

A

Andrew Jackson

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23
Q

an 800-mile trip that was made partly by steamboat and railroad, but mainly by foot, that the Cherokee took because they were forced to leave. More than a quarter of their people died along the way

A

trail of tears

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24
Q

Senator of Massachusetts, wanted to introduce the renewal of the bank earlier to make it a campaign issue, Webster channeled their frustrations into forming a new political party called the Whig Party.

A

Daniel Webster

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25
Q

Jackson’s vice president, rallied behind the American System. Warned his fellow southerners that such a revolution would condemn blacks as well as whites “to the greatest calamity, and the [South] to poverty, desolation, and wretchedness.”

A

John C. Calhoun

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26
Q

former Secretary of State, ran for president against Jackson, Jackson’s vice president after losing election, became president after Jackson chose not to run for a third term, forced the Cherokee to leave their homes and move somewhere else.

A

Martin Van Buren

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27
Q

bank closings and the collapse of the credit system cost many people their savings. It also bankrupted hundreds of businesses and put more than a third of the population out of work.

A

panic of 1837

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28
Q

the economic system in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production, such as factories, machines, and land, and use them to earn profits

A

capitalism

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29
Q

business people supplied their own funds to create capital, the money, property, machines, and factories that fueled America’s expanding economy

A

Entrepreneur

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30
Q

an electromagnetic communication device that would travel for 100 miles, built by Samuel F.B. Morse

A

Telegraph

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31
Q

an expression used to describe their belief that it was the United States destiny to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

A

manifest destiny

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32
Q

An important trade route going between Independence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico

A

Santa Fe Trail

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33
Q

trail used for the Lewis and Clark expedition, started in Independence, Missouri and ended in Portland, Oregon

A

Oregon Trail

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34
Q

Religious community that would play a major role in the settling of the West

A

Mormons

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35
Q

Smith’s successor, decided to move his followers beyond the boundaries of the United States.

A

Brigham Young

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36
Q

Mexican president, revoked local powers in Texas and other Mexican states which led to the Texas Revolution.

A

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

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37
Q

Santa Anna revoked local powers in Texas and other Mexican states which led to rebellion

A

Texas Revolution

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38
Q

an abandoned mission and fort where the Texans drove the Mexican forces from. Santa Anna also destroyed the small American garrison there.

A

Alamo

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39
Q

declared independence from Mexico and became the Republic of Texas

A

Republic of Texas

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40
Q

or incorporate

A

Annex

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41
Q

Presidential candidate, to campaign in 1844 on the promise of annexing the entire territory

A

James K. Polk

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42
Q

declared independence from Mexico and proclaimed to be the nation of the Republic of California

A

Republic of California

43
Q

Affectionately nicknamed “Old Rough and Ready” because he sported a casual straw hat and plain brown coat

A

Winfield Scott

44
Q

Feb 2nd, 1848, US and Mexico signed a treaty. The United States agreed to pay $15 million for the Mexican cession (including California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming). Guaranteed Mexicans living in said territories freedom of religion, protection of property, bilingual elections, and open borders

A

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

45
Q

there were reports of gold being found in California. Thousands of people went to California for the gold. Increased population allied for more jobs which helped increase the economy.

A

gold rush

46
Q

religious movement that emphasized individual responsibility for salvations and insisted that people could improve themselves and society

A

second great awakening

47
Q

A New England writer who was one reformer who nurtured the pride in emerging culture and land. He led a group that practiced transcendentalism

A

Ralph Waldo Emerson

48
Q

a philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living the simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination

A

Transcendentalism

49
Q

a peaceful protest of refusing to obey laws they considered unjust.

A

civil disobedience

50
Q

the movement to outlaw slavery

A

Abolition

51
Q

most radical white abolitionist, an editor who started his own paper called The Liberator, the paper’s objective was to deliver the message of immediate emancipation.

A

William Lloyd Garrison

52
Q

the freeing of slaves with no payments to slaveholders.

A

Emancipation

53
Q

born into slavery in 1817, escaped his holder, shared his experiences as a slave and his escape which helped cause more people to support the antislavery cause

A

Frederick Douglass

54
Q

was born into slavery in 1800, him and his 80 followers attacked four plantations and killed almost 60 white inhabitants before being captured by state and federal troops

A

Nat Turner

55
Q

pre-Civil War

A

Antebellum

56
Q

a rule limiting the preventing debate on an issue.

A

gag rule

57
Q

a passionate supporter of women’s rights, held a women’s rights convention (Seneca Falls Convention) with the help of Lucretia Mott

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

58
Q

a tradition that demanded that women restrict their activities after marriage to the home and family

A

Cult of Domesticity

59
Q

the effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. Some states banned alcohol completely while others did not.

A

temperance movement

60
Q

a women’s right convention held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lecretia Mott, all parts of the declaration were approved unanimously except that women could not vote.

A

Seneca Falls Convention

61
Q

real name was Isabella Baumfree, was a slave for the first 30 years of her life, got the name because she sojourned (traveled) throughout the country preaching and arguing for abolition

A

Sojourner Truth

62
Q

the formal withdrawal of a state from the Union

A

Secession

63
Q

compromise to settle controversy between the North and South, provided that California was admitted to the Union as a free state and proposed a new and more effective fugitive slave law.

A

Compromise of 1850

64
Q

the rights of residents of a territory to vote for or against slavery

A

popular sovereignty

65
Q

unbundled the package of resolutions and reintroduced them one at a time to guarantee the compromise wouldn’t fail, created the Freeport Doctrine

A

Stephen A. Douglas

66
Q

a component of the Compromise of 1850, made it so runaway slaves who had escaped to the North could be arrested and sent back to the South to be forced into slavery once more

A

Fugitive Slave Act

67
Q

a secret network of people (conductors) who would help slaves escape

A

underground railroad

68
Q

one of the most famous conductors, born a slave, helped 300 slaves including her own parents

A

Harriet Tubman

69
Q

passionate abolitionist who published Uncle Tom’s Cabin which delivered the message that slavery was not just a political contest but also a moral struggle, northern abolitionists increased protests against the Fugitive Slave Act in response

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe

70
Q

a bill that divided the area in two territories, Nebraska in the North, Kansas in the South. Repealed the Missouri Compromise and established popular sovereignty for both territories

A

Kansas-Nebraska Act

71
Q

an abolitionist described as “a man made of the stuff of saints’’ by a historian. Believed God had called on him to fight slavery, lead the Pottawatomie Massacre, and stole arsenal from Harpers Ferry

A

John Brown

72
Q

Brown and his men took five men from Pottawatomie Creek, hacked off their hands, and stabbed them with broadswords

A

Pottawatomie Massacre

73
Q

dozens of similar incidents triggered by the Pottawatomie Massacre, men and women living with rifles by their side, became a violent battlefield in the war

A

Bleeding Kansas

74
Q

the favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants

A

Nativism

75
Q

a society that supported nativism, called for strict limits on the number of immigrants allowed into the country, answered questions about their activities by saying “I know nothing”

A

know-nothing party

76
Q

opposed the extension of slavery, name referred to land on which slavery was forbidden

A

Free Soil Party

77
Q

anti slavery political party, know-nothing party became part of the Republican Party, organized in Jackson Michigan by Horace Greeley, united in opposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act and in keeping slavery out of territories

A

Republican Party

78
Q

State chairman of Illinois before he was president against Stephen A. Douglas, elected president in 1860, created the Gettysburg Address

A

Abraham Lincoln

79
Q

a slave from Missouri who had escaped, filed a lawsuit to gain his freedom. Court ruled that slaves were property not people, meaning he had no claim on freedom

A

Dred Scott

80
Q

John Brown and his followers seized federal arsenal and distributed it to captured slaves in the area, took 60 of the town’s prominent citizen hostages in hope slaves would join them (no slaves did).

A

Harpers Ferry

81
Q

delegated from the secessionist states met forming the confederacy aka Confederate States of America

A

Confederacy

82
Q

former senator of Mississippi, president of the Confederacy, ordered the attack on Fort Sumter

A

Jefferson Davis

83
Q

located on an island in Charleston harbor, was taken over by South Carolina when it was attacked, the fall of the fort united the North

A

Fort Sumter

84
Q

a three part plan the Union created to conquer the South, named after a huge snake that suffocates its victims in its coils. 1) Union navy blockade southern ports. 2) Union riverboats/armies would move down the Mississippi River and split the confederacy in two. 3) Union armies would capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.

A

Anaconda Plan

85
Q

a little creek 25 miles away from the Union capital. The Confederate army was camped out there until Union soldiers showed up on their way to the capital, Battle between the two took place

A

bull run

86
Q

General who led the new Union army after the defeat at Bull Run, was fired after the battle at Antietam

A

George McClellan

87
Q

General of a Union Army that invaded western Tennessee, failed at everything in normal civilian life, hero of the battle of Vicksburg, appointed William Tecumseh Sherman as commander of the military division of the Mississippi

A

Ulysses S. Grant

88
Q

an ironclad ship, fought against the Merrimack, battle ended in a draw (union side)

A

USS monitor

89
Q

an ironclad ship, attacked three wooden Union warships (sunk the first, burned the second, and drove the third aground), fought against the Monitor, battle ended in a draw (confederate side)

A

CSS Virginia (Merrimack)

90
Q

ended raid at Harpers Ferry, stopped McClellan from invading Richmond, continued in the army even when the war was over.

A

Robert E. Lee

91
Q

a sluggish creek where McClellan and Lee fought against each other after Lee stopped McClellan from invading Richmond, ended in more than 26,000 casualties

A

Antietam

92
Q

proclamation that declared that all slaves living in areas currently under Confederate control were free.

A

Emancipation Proclamation

93
Q

a court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail before the court to determine why he or she is being jailed.

A

habeas corpus

94
Q

confederate troops under General Nathan Bedford Forrest killed over 200 african american prisoners and some whites, shooting them as they begged for their lives in Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

A

Fort Pillow Massacre

95
Q

three day battle that was the turning point of the civil war, crippled the South so badly General Lee never again possessed sufficient forces to invade a northern state

A

Gettysburg

96
Q

a speech given from Lincoln that reminded Americans that they were right in fighting the bloody war and in glowing terms of the principles in which their country was founded.

A

Gettysburg Address

97
Q

where a battle took place, occurred the day after the battle at Gettysburg, Confederates surrendered Vicksburg to Grant,

A

Vicksburg

98
Q

superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy, was appointed commander of the military division of Mississippi, remained in the army after the war spending his time fighting Native Americans in the west.

A

William Tecumseh Sherman

99
Q

where Lee surrendered to Grant

A

Appomattox Court House

100
Q

Union nurse who cared for the sick and wounded at the front lines, became involved in the activities of the International Committee of the Red Cross (a group dedicated to providing relief to injured soldiers, helped found the American Red Cross

A

Clara Barton

101
Q

where the worst Confederate prison was located, which jammed 33,000 men into 26 acres (34 square feet per man)

A

Andersonville

102
Q

stated that slavery or involuntary servitude, except for punishment for a crime is no longer legal which allowed all slaves to be free and escaped slaves no longer had to live in fear. Also ended the three-fifths compromise

A

13th Amendment

103
Q

a 26 year old actor and southern sympathizer who assassinated Abraham Lincoln, was caught 12 days later.

A

John Wilkes Booth

Midterms/Finals (3 decks)

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