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Fall 2012 > US History II Final Exam > Flashcards

US History II Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Great Depression

A

1929
Oct 24th “Black Friday”
Oct 29th main crash

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2
Q

Smooth-Hawley Tariff Act

A

Tax on imported goods so people but American goods

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3
Q

Hoovervilles

A

People who live I’m shacks

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4
Q

Emergency Relief and Construction Act

A

Aid to poor people who needed food
Use tax payer dollars to construct roads and other things
Hoover Dam

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5
Q

Bonus army

A

Members get a monthly check

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6
Q

Franklin D Roosevelt

A

President

In first 30 days in office he proposes a lot of laws, bills, and acts. Gets them all passes

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7
Q

Glass-Stegal Act

A

Gov regulates what they do with your money
Can’t loan out more money than they have
Once a year must open books to the Federal reserve

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8
Q

Emergency Banking Act

A

Bank holiday

Close so the federal reserve can check them out

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9
Q

Fireside Chat

A

Tells people what he (Roosevelt) is doing so people don’t freak out

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10
Q

FDIC

A

If you put money in a bank that closes, you get your money back

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11
Q

FERA (Federal Emergency Relief administration)

A

For every dollar that a state provides, the federal government will match

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12
Q

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corp

A

1933
Hired single males w/o a family to go to rural areas to do construction work
Most end up making national parks

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13
Q

WPA (Works Progress administration)

A

Head of household
Federal program
Feeds children

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14
Q

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration)

A

Helps 9 million
Pays land owners
Hurts southern workers because they are sharecropperS

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15
Q

Dust Bowl

A

Storms that kick up across America

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16
Q

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

A

New dams are built that create power
Government run
Employees a lot of people

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17
Q

Social Security Act

A

1935
Everybody over 55 gets $200/mo
Only if you worked in an industrial job, not agricultural
80% of women are not included

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18
Q

WWII

A

50 million deaths

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19
Q

Washington Naval Conference

A

All major world powers
Each will decrease their battle ship number
Does not included aircraft carries & submarines

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20
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

Second conference with major world powers

Says war is an international crime

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21
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Nazi

Takes over Germany by convincing the leader to make him Chancellor

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22
Q

Merchants of Death

A

A book that said the US entered the war because of bankers & arms dealers
Causes public outrage

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23
Q

Nye Commission

A

Checks to see if the arguments in Merchants of Deaths is true or not

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24
Q

Neutrality Act of 1937

A

Illegal for America to enter a war zone
Illegal for anybody to sell war materials
Illegal to loan to countries in war

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25
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939

A

Joseph Stalin
USSR
Won’t attack each other for 10 years
Both agree to to attack Poland

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26
Q

America First Committee 1940

A

People who want to stay out of the war

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27
Q

Destroyer for bases deal, September 1940

A

We get 8 naval bases in various locations for 90 years

We loan England 50 ships for this

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28
Q

Lend-Lease Act, March 1941

A

Lens England the stuff they need to beat Germany and they will return it at the end of the war
John Deere makes a lot of money because of airplane engines

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29
Q

Peral Harbor, Dec 7, 1942

A 
Japanese 
Tojo was the leader
MAGIC was their coding system we broke
Not all of our fleet was there
FDR gets a declaration of war on Japan
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30
Q

Executive Order 9066, Feb 1942

A

A law the president can pass without congress
Requires all
Japanese immigrants to report to camps

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31
Q

Japanese Interments

A

Camps that Japanese people were put in after Peral Harbor

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32
Q

Hirabauashi vs United States

A

Arrested for violation curfew

Said curfew was illegal under the 14th amendment

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33
Q

Korematus vs United States

A

Didn’t show up to intern camp

Signed an Oath of Loyalty saying he isn’t a threat

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34
Q

War Production Board

A

Change lipstick factories to bullet factories

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35
Q

Office of Price Administration

A

Don’t eat as much food
Panty goes we’re stopped so the nylon can be used for parachutes
Recruits women to work in factories

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36
Q

Rosie The Riveter

A

“We can do it!”

19 million women

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37
Q

Manhattan Project, Dec 1942

A

Einstein gets a call from FDR about building a bomb. He says no so they get Robert J Oppenheimer

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38
Q

Robert J Oppenheimer

A

Helps build the atomic bomb

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39
Q

Trinity Site, July 16, 1943

A

Test site in New Mexico

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40
Q

Native American Code Talkers

A

We are the only ones who’s code wasn’t broke

Received congressional metal of honor

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41
Q

Tehran Conference, Nov 1943

A

In Iran
Churchill wants us to control
North Africa to protect the Suez Canal so Germans can’t get oil

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42
Q

D-Day, June 6,1944

A

Massive invasion with US, Canada, British, and Australia, and France and move towards Germany
We win!

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43
Q

Halts Conference, Feb 4-11, 1945

A

FDR, Stalin, Churchill
United Nations by FDR
Stalin wants to cut the world into smaller parts

44
Q

Potsdam conference, July-Aug, 1945

A

Truman, Attlee, Stalin
Truman wants Stalin to join us in the battle sooner
July 18, somebody came and told Truman they have a bomb, and Truman threatened Stalin, Stalin said “took them long enough to tell you”

45
Q

Hiroshima, Aug 6

A

First Atomic bomb dropping

46
Q

Nagasaki, Aug 9

A

Second atomic bomb dropping

Caused them to surrender

47
Q

Cold Warriors

A

No physic fighting
Massive destruction in Europe
No food, no coal, nothing

48
Q

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

A

Submit to a background check if a federal employee

First year, 2,700 people lost their job

49
Q

HUAC

A

Hunt down communist in America
Original job was to hunt down KKK members & Germans
Put on TV

50
Q

Hollywood Ten

A

10 directors are put in jail

Don’t call their lawyers

51
Q

Whittaker Chambers, 1948

A

While he was in college he joined the communist party, became friends with communist. The Russia hired him as a spy to give them secret information.

52
Q

Alger Hiss

A

President of the Carnage fund

Communist spy

53
Q

Pumpkin Papers

A

Where Chambers hid special evidence

Proof that Hiss was a spy in 1932 (More than 10 years old) BUT Hiss lied so they have him 10 years in jail

54
Q

Klaus Fuchs

A

English captured him
Scientist that worked on the American Bomb
To save himself, he named names

55
Q

David Greenglass

A

Said he just delivered envelopes to his brother-in-law from Fuchs
His brother-in-law worked on the bomb as well
The brother-in-law was Julius Rosenberg

56
Q

Rosenburg Trial, March 6, 1951

A

Prove information was given

Threw David’s sister, Ethel under the bus saying she is the one that typed up all the information

57
Q

Joseph McCarthy

A

Senator up for re-election
Elected because he is a WWll hero with two purple hearts
Lied both times to get his purple hearts. People find out eventually
Needs a reason for people to re-elect him
Says he has a list of communist that he will remove if he is re-elected

58
Q

Tydings Committee

A

Ask McCarthy where he got the list of communist and why hasn’t he turned them in
Won’t let him take his seat unless he turns the sheet over
Turns his list over two weeks later. Includes 57 names from the FBI that were cleared and kept confidential.

59
Q

George C. Marshall

A

Brought into McCarthy’s hearing
Blamed for losing China to the communist
Walks out on McCarthy

60
Q

General Zwicker

A

Brought into McCarthy’s hearing
Thought to be a Communist because there was a guy on his base that was apart of the Communist Party
Brings an attorney and Eisenhower
His attorney pulls McCarthy down and questions him

61
Q

Army-McCarthy Hearings

A

Public hearings to prove military leaders were communist

McCarthy blames Eisenhower that he is for the Communist (he saved the world, bad idea!)

62
Q

Dwight D. Eishenhower

A

Won election
Focuses on domestic policy
“Captain America”

63
Q

Dien Bien Phu

A

A valley the Vietnamese are in. French come to it to attack them. They fail and call us
We air lift stuff to the French that are blocked in the valley

64
Q

GI Bill

A

Bonus for anybody who served in the military
Choice: $2,000 towards a house or college
Enables most Americans to buy homes
African Americans mostly picked college over a new home

65
Q

Levittown

A

Mass produce houses like cars, if they all look the same made them cheap
Four different models
To purchase, you must be white

66
Q

Double V Campaign

A

No segregation in Europe. Could eat or go into any building they wanted

67
Q

CORE, 1942

A

Congress of Racial Equality
Based on the beliefs of Gondi
Challenge segregation & voting violations
Helped out Asians as well
Lobby government to make changes to the current laws

68
Q

Missouri ex rel. Gaines vs Canada

A

Against a white law school in Missouri. NAACP helps them
Supreme Court decision “yes you can separate but you don’t have to have equality”….so Missouri has to have another school or let the Black student in

69
Q

Earl Warren

A

Believed that the Supreme Court should be an activist court

70
Q

Thurgood Marshall & Brown vs Board of Education

A

Brown was a little girl
Thurgood Marshall
Attorney hired for this case
Argues that it is harmful to blacks because they are having to be bussed to other another county to go to school
Argues that it is harmful to whites because they can’t interact with the blacks
Supreme Court says that federal funded schools cannot be segregated

71
Q

Southern Manifesto

A

States that the Supreme Courts decision is a clear abuse of judicial power
Promise that they will fight back if schools are forced to be desegregated

72
Q

Emmett Till

A

14 year old boy from Chicago goes to visit his Uncle in Mississippi
He went to a local store, when leaving said hello to a white girl walking into the store
The KKK shows up to his Uncle’s house, kidnap Emmett, beat him to death, and threw him into a river
His mom invited the entire US government to his open casket funeral
This causes Northern Whites to get on board with the Civil Rights Movement

73
Q

Littlerock AK, 1957

A

School Board decides to desegregate Central High
9 African American students decide to come
The governor announces he will not allow his schools to desegregate so he calls in the state military to block the front door from the 9 students
Illegal!
Eisenhower pulls the troops out and sends in his own troops to make a statement that he will send in the “big” guys
Walked the students to class and everywhere for an entire year
The governor closed the public schools for two years

74
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

Rosa Parks
African Americans stop riding the bus which hurts the business
A year later, close to bankruptcy, the bus system desegregates

75
Q

SCLC

A

(Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
Formed by the men who helped with the Montgomery Boycott
Coordinates future boycotts
Large percentage of ministers
Made up of middle class

76
Q

Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit In

A

Four African students go to a white only lunch counter and ordered a Coke
Owner told his employes to not serve them
Left after hours and came back next day with 23 other people
Day four, 300 African students were waiting for a Coke
Goes on for two weeks

77
Q

SNCC

A 
Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee
Ella Baker was the President of SNCC
Mainly African American, but open to all
Non-violent acts (sit-ins)
Push basic civil rights on campuses
Work closely with SCLC
78
Q

John Fitzgerald Kennedy

A

Talked about the race problem
Won the election
Youngest President

79
Q

Freedom Rides & Boynton vs Virginia

A

African American law student who was riding a bus across state lines. At a rest stop (all white) he ordered food and arrested
Convicted & appealed all the way to the Supreme Court
Argued that segregation laws on the busses were unconstitutional because they were against the Interstate Commerce Act
Won the case

80
Q

Voter Education Project

A

1962, mid year
People needed to know how to vote and how important it is
Went door to door, explaining to African Americans how to register to vote
Drove them to the court house to register

81
Q

Fannie Lou Hammer

A

“the lady that signs hymns”
In Mississippi, the entire bus was arrested and put in jail. Released four days later
While in jail they were beaten and raped

82
Q

Birmingham Campaign

A

April 1963, SNCC boycotts every business in Birmingham that has segregation laws
Organize marches that meet every Sunday afternoon and march to the capital
Bull Conner decides that the protest marches didn’t get a court order for their “parade” so he arrests them. Uses force: Billy Clubs, Police Dogs, and Fire Hoses

83
Q

March on Washington, Aug 1963

A

Over 300,000 people. White and Black

Martin Luther King “I Have A Dream” speech

84
Q

16th Street Baptist Church

A 
The KKK blew the church up while the children’s choir was practicing
Causes lots of while middle class women to join to SCLC
85
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A

More for equality than the Kennedys
Wanted to end poverty
Before, was a Senator in Texas

86
Q

Freedom Summer, 1964

A

College students came to Mississippi to register people to vote
- James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner go missing in June
Johnson calls the Mississippi governor (who doesn’t want to look for the boys) and forces him to do it. After looking for them they find the car and the bodies

87
Q

Civil Rights Bill of 1964

A

Made it illegal to discriminate through segregation in any public place
Gave the Attorney General to power to enforce it

88
Q

The Great Society

A

Welfare plan proposed by Johnson
Medical care for all
Gov needs to help kids go to school by offering student loans
His favorite mistress

89
Q

Medicare

A

Health insurance for people on Social Security (people over 65)

We CARE for the older people, we AID the poor

90
Q

Medicaid

A

Health insurance for people living under the poverty line

We CARE for the older people, we AID the poor

91
Q

Sheriff Jim Clark

A

Blocked voting booths in Alabama from African Americans

Creates protests

92
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

March from Selma to Montgomery protesting
Jim Clark meets them outside Montgomery on a bridge, uses billy clubs and tear gas because they didn’t have a permit to have a march/protest
SNIC comes back two weeks later with a permit

93
Q

Voting Rights Act, 1965

A

Johnson agreed and sent it to Congress, then it was signed into law
States, it is illegal to have any discriminatory provisions in state constitutions regarding voting. Any regulations have to be approved by the Secretary of State
Voter registration in Mississippi goes up by 400%

94
Q

Geneva Accords

A

Agreement through the UN

French pull out of Vietnam and in their place, an International Control Commission

95
Q

Ngo Dinh Diem

A

Controls the South

96
Q

USS MADDOX

A

Think they were attacked by North Vietnamese ships
Picked up stuff on radar & hear gun fire
Nothing hit the ships
Stuff on radars were actually whales, gun fire was people shooting them

97
Q

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

A

Gives the President approval to use force to defend us in Vietnam
Johnson has a two week bombing spree

98
Q

General William C Westmoreland

A

Gives troops the ability to play offense and attack Vietnamese
“kill them all” strategy

99
Q

Ho Chi Minh Trail / TET Offensive

A

North Vietnamese attacked 36 major cities, take them over, and get the rest of the South Vietnamese to join them
Got them for a small amount of time

100
Q

Fullbright Hearings, 1966

A

William J Fullbright, Senator, Head of Senate Foreign Committee
Why are we in the war?

101
Q

March Against Death

A

Student organization marches on Washington against the war

300,000 people

102
Q

My Lai

A

0 Americans in a field under the control of Lt. William Calley. Sent the men to My Lai village and look for VC. These 30 men killed 600 women & children, several women were raped multiple times then everything was set on fire. At one point a helicopter flies over and sees what is going on, lands, and tries to stop it. Told if he doesn’t leave, he will be shot.
Official Military newspaper “Stars and Stripes” gets pictures and prints them showing that this is a war crime

103
Q

Kent State

A

Students at Kent State started another protest on May 4, 1970. A sound similar to a gun shot was heard and the National Guard that was protecting the students fired their guns at the students. 11 wounded and 4 killed
Causes other colleges to break out in protests therefore lots of them closed down early since the semester was almost over

104
Q

Vietnamization

A

Nixon’s secret plan revealed!
We train the South Vietnamese how to fight so we can slowly remove our troops from Vietnam
Estimated 2 years to withdrawal

105
Q

Détente

A

Between the US and China and US and North Vietnam

106
Q

Paris Peace Treaty, 1973

A

The US agrees to remove troops over a 6 months while North Vietnamese release our POWs
Creates a colocation government with three countries that creates a government for South Vietnam
The US signs this with the North Vietnamese and leaves South Vietnam out
To make the South happy, Nixon tells them we will fully fund them if they start a war with the North Vietnamese
We are now out of the war & the South starts to fight with the North

107
Q

Fall of Saigon, 1975

A

North Vietnam comes down into South Vietnam while the South Vietnamese are feeling
They hit Saigon in April

Fall 2012 (3 decks)

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