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Landelijke Kennis Toets > USA > Flashcards

USA Flashcards

(134 cards)

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1
Q

Jury in US (def + 2)

A

Randomly selected citizens from lists of registered voters and drivers licenses. Selected people complete a questionnaire to help determine qualification.

  • criminal trial = unanimous decision of jury for ‘guilty’.
  • civil trial = at least 6 jury members; unanimous decision (unless otherwise specified)
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2
Q

Arrest warrant (2)

A

Issued by judge or magistrate.

Authorises arrest, detention of an individual or search and seizure of property.

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3
Q

Bench warrant;

A

Immediate on-sight arrest of individual. Used when individual avoided court appearance/tried to escape.

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4
Q

Outstanding arrest warrant; (3)

A

When someone intentionally evading law enforcement
Person is unaware that there is a warrant out
Agency responsible for execution has a backlog.

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5
Q

District Attorney (3)

A

Represents the government in the prosecution of criminal offenses.
Highest officeholder in the legal department of the jurisdiction.
Supervises a staff of assistant DAs or deputy DAs

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6
Q

Self-defence (def)

A

A person is privileged to use such force as reasonably appears necessary to defend himself against a threat of unlawful violence from another.

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7
Q

Supreme court (2)

A

Highest federal court in the US.
Consists of Chief Justice of the US + 8 associate justices (nominated by the President for life, confirmed by the Senate)

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8
Q

Right to bear arms (3)

A

Bill of Rights (= 10 amendments to constitution)
2nd amendment
People need to protect themselves-+ and their families.

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9
Q

National symbols of USA

A

FLAG = Stars & Stripes/Old Glory/Star-Spangled banner; 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (=13 British colonies) + 50 small 5 pointed stars (= 50 states) in blue square.
ANTHEM: ‘Star-Spangled banner’ poem written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key
SYMBOL: Bald Eagle, long life, great strength + majestic looks

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10
Q

Declaration of Independence (4)

A

= Constitution
Founding Fathers; John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington.
4th July, 1776
10 amendments

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11
Q

Benjamin Franklin (3)

A

Founding Father
Drafted Declaration of Independence
One coins + 100$ bill

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12
Q

Separation of powers

A

Trias politica
Legislative (congress, houses of representatives_
Executive (President)
Judiciary (Supreme court)

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13
Q

Checks & Balances

A

When the president want to make a decision, 2 other branches must agree. One branch cannot have too much power (dictate)

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14
Q

President (8)

A

Donald Trump (45th)
4-year term
Chief of State: Acts as symbolic leader of the country
Chief Executive: Executes laws, appoints key federal officials, grants pardons & reprieves
Commander in Chief: Runs the armed forces
Chief Diplomat: Negotiates with other countries
Chief Legislator: Signs/vetoes legislation, introduces legislation, works with Congress on budget
Superpolitician: Helps his party raise money and elect candidates

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15
Q

Vice-President (6)

A

Mike Pence
Second-highest position in the executive branch.
Indirectly elected together with President through Electoral College
4-year term
Presidential line of succession

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16
Q

CIA

A

Central Intelligence Agency; operates outside US to gather intelligence via a network.

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17
Q

FBI

A

Federal Bureau of Investigation; operates within the US to gather intelligence through a network.

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18
Q

Senate (4)

A

Upper legislative chamber in the federal government.
100 members (2 per state)
6-year term
Elected by their constituents

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19
Q

Impeachment (3)

A

House of Representatives;
2/3 majority
President, vice-president, other civic officials

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20
Q

House of Representatives (4)

A

The House
2-year term
435 representatives (per district = on population)
Pass federal legislation

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21
Q

Congress (2)

A

House of Representatives

Senate

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22
Q

Levels of government (3)

A

Federal
State
Local

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23
Q

Presidental Elections

A

Winner takes all
Each state number of electoral votes
Winner popular votes get electoral votes too per state

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24
Q

Democrat (9)

A

Liberal, left-leaning
minimum wages + progressive taxation + more government regulation
Community + social responsibility
Decreased spending on Military
Strong on Death penalty
Government regulations need to protect consumers
Support universal healthcare
California, Massachusetts, New York
Franklin Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, Woodrow Wilson, Jimmy Carter, Barack Obama

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25
Republican (9)
``` Conservative, right-leaning Free market wages, tax equality Individual rights + justice Increase Military spending Support Death penalty Regulations hinder free market, capitalism, job growth Private healthcare Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Richard Nixon ```
26
Ethnic groups (4)
African Americans; Sub-Saharan African slaves Amish; persecution in Europe (18thC) Hispanics/Latino; Latin America/Spain Native Americans (Indians); original population
27
Jim Crowe laws (2)
1876-1965 | Separation Blacks from white Americans; busses, schools etc
28
Reconstruction era (3)
1863-1877 After American Civil War Abolition of slavery
29
Native American socio/political organisation (2)
Based on family + clan units | Government based on democracy + consensus
30
Native American religion (3)
Deep faith in supernatural/spiritual forces. Link human beings to all other creatures + objects Man is part of the world not master
31
Native American economy (4)
Maximum of leisure + minimum of labor Tribes own land Earth = mother of life => cannot sell land/mother to others Non-capitalist way of live
32
Native American warfare (def + 4)
order of honor + respect gained - strike unwounded enemy - strike wounded enemy - strike with hand or bow, body of dead enemy/taking scalp killing an enemy - severing head from body of enemy
33
Native American language (5)
``` 250 native languages complex grammar no writing system until Europeans similarities between some languages = families 9 important languages ```
34
White mens burden
convert people to Christians take gold+ properties with guns from hopeless people
35
Buffalo bill (2)
hero | shoot many buffalos + killed them
36
Reservation (3)
Poorest land of America Casinos (profits for the tribes = income) Forced migration of Indians from their homelands
37
Wounded knee
250 Indians killed because when deportated one stopped to pray
38
Iroquois (4)
Powerful + important northeast confederacy Six Nations Absorbed many other peoples = shelter
39
Navajo (4)
largest Indian tribe Reservation in 4 states; Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado = 200k people, 27k acres The Long Walk = deportation to reservation 300miles
40
Pueblo (2)
16thC living in villages (Spanish pueblos) | southwestern US; New Mexico, Arizona
41
Sioux
North America
42
Sports (4)
Baseball; MLB= 30 teams American football; IFAF, (alternative rugby) College Football; NCAA Basketball; NBA Soccer; MLS = (European) football
43
Columbus (3)
1492 Spanish Discovered America
44
Pilgrims
English Moved to America fleeing Britain + Holland. 1620 Mayflower in Plymouth (New England) / Cape Cod Helped by natives
45
Thanksgiving
Feast to say thank you to the natives that helped Pilgrims survive and cope in fall 1621 (3rd Thursday in November)
46
Salem witch trials (4)
Colonial Massachusetts 1692-1693 Winter Mass hysteria 200 people accused, 20 executed (1 dog)
47
13 colonies
Founded USA
48
No taxation without representation
The American colonies wanted to be representated in the British government if they had to pay taxes to the British King
49
Boston tea Party
Demonstration throwing all incoming tea into Boston harbour instead of paying tax for them.
50
American Revolutionary War (4)
1775-1783 War against Britain Aided by France, the Netherlands & Spain Declaration of Independence
51
First Wave (3)
Immigrants 1790 - 1820 European seeking religious freedom Puritans (migrated to Massachusetts = closed community)
52
Indentured (whites) (2)
1/3 of the immigrants | borrowed money for the passages = paid off by labour = slaves
53
Second Wave (4)
1820-1860 Seeking new opportunities unemployed because of Industrial Revolution Potato famine = Ireland = 40%
54
Third Wave (3)
1880-1914 Asians; Chinese, Japanese, other Steal, meat packing, mining (railways to the West)
55
Fourth Wave (3)
1965-present new laws by Trump halting immigrations to US Europeans, Asians, Hispanics (Mexico)
56
Salad bowl
Different cultures living together but not mixing into a homogeneous culture
57
Melting pot
Different cultures living togethet and mixing into one homogeneous new culture
58
Trail of Tears (5)
``` 1838 - 1839 Indian removal policy Forced deportation of Indians from their homelands to reservations Andrew Jackson 4k Cherokees died ```
59
New Amsterdam (2)
Dutch settlement 17thC (Peter Stuyvesant) | Sold to Britain in 1664 => renamed New York
60
Civil War (4)
1861-1865 (34 States) Over slavery; 7->11 Southern states (= Confederate) - Northern states (=Union) 620k-750k died 4,000k slaves freed
61
Era of Reconstruction (4)
``` 1863-1877 Restoring national unity, Strengthening the national government, Granting civil rights to freed slaves Reactionary forces; Ku Klux Klan ```
62
Abolitionists (2)
Immediate emancipation of all slaves + | end racial discrimination & segregation
63
King George III
British monarch during the War of Independence 1763-1773
64
General Custer
Cavalry commander + officer in American Civil War, American Indian Wars
65
Battle of Little Bighorn (4)
Custer's Last Stand; Armed engagement between combined Indian forces - US Army June 25-26, 1876 Great victory for the Indians;
66
War of Independence (7)
``` 1763-1773 Revolution by 13 separate + different colonies - Freedom from taes - Freedom to expand - most succesful colonial revolt - Guerilla warfare - no bloody aftermath ```
67
Stamp act
Everything in American colonies had to be from England + stamped (duties)
68
King George III
British monarch during the War of Independence 1763-1773
69
General Custer
Cavalry commander + officer in American Civil War, American Indian Wars
70
Battle of Little Bighorn (4)
Custer's Last Stand; Armed engagement between combined Indian forces - US Army June 25-26, 1876 Great victory for the Indians;
71
War of Independence (7)
``` 1763-1773 Revolution by 13 separate + different colonies - Freedom from taxes - Freedom to expand - most succesfull colonial revolt - Guerilla warfare - no bloody aftermath ```
72
Stamp act
Everything in American colonies had to be from England + stamped (duties)
73
California Gold Rush (2)
1849 | Great migration to San Fransico to find gold (100k people)
74
Prohibition (3)
1920-1933 Nationwide constitutional ban on alcoholic beverages Movement led by rural Protestants + social Progressives in Democratic + Republican parties
75
Sitting Bull (3)
Teton Dakota Indian chief Sioux tribes united fought for Survival on North American Great Plains
76
RMS Lusitania
``` British Ocean Liner sunk by German U-boat May 7th, 1915 120 Americans 1,900 died Turning point in WWI ```
77
Wall Street Crash (3)
October 24th 1929 Black Tuesday Beginnen of Great Depression
78
Henry Ford (4)
American industrialist Founder Ford Motor Company Development assembly line = mass production First automobile for middle classes
79
New Deal (6)
1933-1938 Series of domestic programs Franklin D. Roosevelt Relief for the unemployed + poor Recovery for the economy to normal levels Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat
80
D-day (4)
June 6th, 1944 first day of the Invasion of Normandy Attack by the allied forces Ending of WWII
81
Civil Rights Movement (7)
1955-1968 Social movements Against racial segregation + discrimination Nonviolent protests + civil disobedience Civil Rights Act 1964 / Voting Rights Act 1965 / Fair Housing act 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King Rosa Parks
82
Wall Street Crash
October 24th 1929
83
Great Depression (3)
1929-1939 economic depression World Wide
84
Pearl Harbour (3)
1941 Attack by Japan on US soil US enters WWII
85
Civil Rights Movement
1955-1968 Social movements Against racial segregation + discrimination Nonviolent protests + civil disobedience Civil Rights Act 1964 / Voting Rights Act 1965 / Fair Housing act 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King Rosa Parks
86
Ku Klux Klan (3)
Closed circle against black people white, anglo-saxon protestant
87
Zimmermann Telegram (6)
January 1917 Secret communication German Foreign Office Proposed military alliance Germany and Mexico Mexico recover Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. Intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. US enters WWI
88
Pearl Harbour (2)
1941 | Attack by Japan on US soil
89
Hiroshima
August 6th, 1945 Truman Atomic bomb
90
Watergate (3)
1972-1974 General term used to describe a complex web of political scandals Refers to Watergate Hotel, Washington D.C.
91
9/11 (3)
September 11th 2001 Terrorist attacks by Al-Qaeda Twin Towers = World Trade Centre + Pentagon
92
Moon Landing (3)
20 July 1969 Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong
93
Vietnam war (4)
1950s Part of Cold War President Eisenhower + President Kennedy Protests in US
94
Watergate (3)
1972-1974 General term used to describe a complex web of political scandals Refers to Watergate Hotel, Washington D.C.
95
9/11 (3)
September 11th 2001 Terrorist attacks by Al-Qaeda Twin Towers = World Trade Centre + Pentagon
96
Statue of Liberty (5)
28 October 1886 colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island NY. Copper; Gustave Eiffel Gift from France Libertas, Roman Goddess, bears torch + tablet = declaration of independence = freedom
97
Ellis Island (3)
1892-1954 Upper NY Bay Gateway immigrants to US
98
New England (2)
6-states | North East corner
99
South
'the confederation'
100
Midwest (2)
8 states | North mid
101
West (3)
West coast (left south west, below north west) Pacific coast California
102
Southwest (3)
Natural wonders; Grand Canyon, national parks Navajo nation Mid south
103
South
'the confederation'
104
Appalachians (4)
North American mountain ranges East Canada - Alabama 3500km
105
Mount Mitchell (2)
Highest peak of Appalachians | North Carolina
106
Alleghenies (4)
Amish + mennonites mid 1600s Susquehanna River Pennsylvania
107
Rocky Mountains (2)
Canada - New Mexico | 4828km
108
Columbia (3)
``` Pacific Northwest (NNW) Rocky Mountains (Canada) - Washington State/Oregon 2000km ```
109
Mississippi (2)
Northern Minnesota - Gulf of Mexico | 3730km
110
Missouri (3)
Longest river Rocky Mountains = Western Montana - Mississippi (north St Louis) 3767km
111
Ohio (2)
River | Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) - Cairo (Illinois)
112
Columbia (km)
``` Pacific Northwest (NNW) Rocky Mountains (Canada) - Washington State/Oregon 2000km ```
113
Colorado (3)
Southwestern US Central Rocky Mountains - Mexico 2330km
114
Wall Street (2)
Amerikaanse financiële hart | zuidelijkste Manhattan
115
Hudson
New York | 507km
116
Great Lakes (4)
North eastern Canada/US border Niagara Falls Lake Erie, Lake Michigan
117
Boroughs of New York (5)
1. Manhattan; retail, commercial 2. Bronx; mainland US, 3. Brooklyn; westernpoint Long Island, Kings County, Staten Island 4. Queens; width of Long Island, LaGuardia, JFK, ethnic diversity 5. Staten Island; suburban, residential
118
Wall Street (2)
Amerikaanse financiële hart | zuidelijkste Manhattan
119
Brooklyn Bridge (4)
cable stayed/suspension bridge 1883 Manhattan - Brooklyn East River
120
Times Square (4)
commercial intersection Manhattan advertisments Ball drop New Year's eve
121
Ground Zero
site were Twin Towers used to stand
122
Central Park (3)
Large park uptown Manhattan 3.4km2
123
Brooklyn Bridge (4)
cable stayed/suspension bridge 1883 Manhattan - Brooklyn East River
124
George Washington (4)
1st President 1789-1797 French Indian War American Revolution
125
John Adams (5)
``` 2nd president 1797-1801 Leader American Revolution Treaty of Paris 1783 1st vice-president ```
126
Dwight D. Eisenhower (4)
1953-1961 Supreme commander WWII - D-day Republican Cold War
127
Abraham Lincoln (4)
1861-1865 Civil War 1863 freed all slaves April 1865 shot by Confederate => martyr
128
Theodore Roosevelt (3)
26th president 1901-1909 Nobel Peace Prize
129
Franklin D. Roosevelt (5)
``` 32nd president 1933-1945 New Deal (after great depression) WWII Elected 4 times ```
130
Dwight D. Eisenhower (4)
1953-1961 Supreme commander WWII - D-day Republican Cold War
131
John F. Kennedy (5)
``` 35th president 1961-1965 Shot November 22nd, 1963 Cold War Vietnam ```
132
Lyndon B. Johnson (4)
36th president 1963-1969 Medicare, Head Start, Civil Rights Vietnam war
133
Richard M. Nixon
37th president 1969-1974 resign Watergate = illegal activites by members of his admin
134
Barack Obama (3)
44th president 2009-2016 1st African-American president

Landelijke Kennis Toets (4 decks)

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