USA court revision stuff ig Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is Affirmative Action?
Giving disadvantaged groups more help to try and allow everybody the same chance at success - also known as positive discirmination.
What are civil liberties?
The basic rights protected by law, for example, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of movement.
What are civil rights?
Guarantees of equal social opportunities by the law, regardless of race, religion, gender or other characteristics.
Which 3 justices were nominated by Donald Trump? (in order)
- Amy Coney Barrett
- Brett Kavanaugh
- Neil Gorsuch
Who are the liberal justices?
- Elena Kagan
- Sonia Sotomayor
- Ketanji Brown Jackson
Who are the conservative justices, excluding trumps 3 picks?
- Samuel Alito
- Clarence Thomas
- John Roberts
Who is the current chief justice (and appointed by..)
Justice Roberts - appointed by Bush Jr
What was the name of the 1803 court case that gave the supreme court the power to declare things unconstitutional?
Marbury V Madison 1803
Which term means you believe in a constitution that may need to be interpreted in order to reflect modern times?
Living constitution
Which term means when you stick to the exact wording of the constitution?
Originalist
What is the 1st amendment?
Protection of all types of expression including speech, protest, press and right to petition the government - AND protection against discrimination based on religion
What is the 2nd amendment?
Right to bear arms and raise a militia to protect the state
What is the 4th amendment?
Freedom from unreasonable searches of private property. Police need ‘probable cause’ to arrest and warrants to search
What is the 5th amendment?
Upholds rights during arrests and the right to remain silent
Cannot be punished twice for offence already found guilty for.
What is the 8th amendment?
Freedom from cruel or unusual punishment
What is the 10th amendment?
Protects states by restricting power of federal government eg. ‘any power not explicitly given to federal government rests with the states.’
What is the 14th amendment?
Protects against racial discrimination and ensures ‘equal protection in the law’ to citizens born in the USA. Section 3 also can bar anyone who ‘engages in insurrection or rebellion’.
What is the 15th amendment?
The right to vote
What was the result of Obergefell v Hodges 2015?
Supreme Court ruled in favour of Obergefell, stating that all states had to recognise same sex marriages and licence them.
What was the result of Glossip v Gross 2015
Supreme Court ruled that the use of lethal injection was not deemed cruel or unusual (8th Amendment)
What was Masterpiece cakes v Colorado 2018?
The Supreme Court protected cake makers rights not to make a cake that would express something contrary to their religion. (1st amendment)
What did Students for fair admissions v Harvard result in?
Ruled 6-2 that affirmative action in colleges violates the 14th amendment, triggering further legal challenges.
What was Shelby v Holder 2013?
Ruled that restrictions put on states due to the Voting Rights Act was no longer fit for purpose, transferring the power to decide to the states.
What was Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organisation 2022?
Reversed Roe v. Wade by a 6-3 vote to give the decision on abortion rights to the states.
