Use of Force Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is faster, action or reaction?
Action
What is the ‘One Plus One’ doctrine?
Officer uses one level of force higher than the subject is using. – must be able to articulate that they did not have the time, skill or saftey to engage in
What is the appropriate use of force?
Enough to get the situation under control faster
What must you articulate after using force?
That you did not have the time, skill or safety to engage in equal force
When are officers able to “rule out” lower control methods?
If they believe lower levels of control would have been ineffective or inappropriate
What are some things to consider when using force?
-can you articulate why that level of force was used?
-risk assessment
-based on individual or officer perception
-judged on reasonableness, training, brother officer test
-subject behaviour and totality of situation
-risk assessment
-use of force continuum
What is the primary responsibility of a peace officer?
To preserve and protect life
What is the primary objective of a peace officer in regards to use of force?
Public safety
What are the 6 Basic Principles?
- The primary responsibility of a peace officer is to preserve and protect life
- The primary objective of any use of force is to ensure public safety
- Police officer safety is essential to public safety
- Consistent with Federal, Provincial, and Common Law
- Intervention based on careful assessment of risk
- Assessment is continuous
How many conditions characterize a situation?
6
What are the 6 different characterizations of a situation?
- Environment
- Number of Subjects
- Knowledge
- Perceived Abilities of Subject
- Time and Distance
- Threat Cues / Potential Signs of Attack
What are some potential threat cues / signs of attack?
- target glancing
- looking at officers weapons
- ignoring the officer
- muscle tension or fist clenching
- refusing to comply
- invasion of personal space
- adopting an aggressive stance
What are the types of Resistance?
- Psychological Intimidation
- Verbal Non-Compliance
- Passive Resistance
- Defensive Resistance
- Assaultive Behaviors
- Grievous Bodily Harm or Death
What is passive resistance?
The lowest level of physical resistance – The subject is refusing your lawful directions or makes attempts to prevent or defeat your attempts at physical contact
What are some examples of Passive Resistance
Subject goes limp or relaxes to make you lift, pull or carry them in order to take them into custody
What is Defensive Resistance?
A subjects physical actions or efforts interfere with your attempt to control them. There is NO attempt to strike or assault you
What are some examples of Defensive Resistance?
Subject is walking away, breaks your grip and pulls away from you, or refuses to let go of something
What is Assaultive Behaviour?
When the subject is physically assaulting you or another person. Injury may result
What are some examples of Assaultive Behaviour
When a subject SHOWS intent to punch, kick, strike you or use some other physical technique with the potential to inflict injuries such as bruises or sprains
Do you have to wait for someone to Assault you before you defend your self?
No, as soon as intent has been shown you can defend yourself
What is Grievous Bodily Harm or Death?
When a subject uses a weapon and/or techniques that are intended to, or may result in death or grievous bodily harm to you or another person
What is Grievous Bodily Harm?
An injury that creates a substantial risk of death; causes serious permanent disfigurement; or results in long term loss or impairment of the functioning of any bodily member or organ
What 3 different criteria need to be satisfied when determining a ‘threat assessment’
-Intent
-Weapon; and
-Delivery System
What are 6 levels on the Use of Force Control Continuum?
- Officer Presence
- Verbal Direction
- Soft Empty Hand
- Hard Empty Hand
- Intermediate Weapon
- Lethal Force
