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useful stuff Flashcards

1
Q

safety muscle of mouth

A

genioglossus

only muscle to propel tongue forwards

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2
Q

foramen ovale

A 
otic ganglion
V3
accessory meningeal artery 
lesser petrosal nerve CN IX 
emissary veins
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3
Q

what attaches to the oblique line of mandible

A

depressor labii inferioris

depressor anguli oris

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4
Q

what attaches to incisive fossa of mandible

A

mentalis

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5
Q

identifying hypoglossal nerve CN XII

A

cross over carotid sheath/ internal jugular vein

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6
Q

lateral to hyoglossus

A

between mylohyoid and hyoglossus

submandibular gland and duct
sublingual gland 
submandibular ganglion
lingual nerve CN V3
chorda tyampni CN VII
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
deep lingual vein
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7
Q

medial to hyoglossus

A

between hyoglossus and genioglossus

stylohyoid ligament
glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
lingual artery (ECA)
dorsal lingual vein

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8
Q

hyoid vertebral level

A

C3

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9
Q

bifurcation of CCA (carotid sinus) vertebral level

A

C3-C4

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10
Q

thyroid cartilage vertebral level

A

C4-C5

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11
Q

cricoid cartilage vertebral level

A

C6

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12
Q

thyroid gland vertebral level

A

C5-T1

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13
Q

jugular notch vertebral level

A

T2

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14
Q

aortic arch

A

T3-T4

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15
Q

sternal angle/ bifurcation of trachea/ superior and inferior mediastinum

A

T4-T5

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16
Q

xiphoid process

A

T9-T10

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17
Q

hilum vertebral level

A

T5-T7

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18
Q

extradural/ epidural haemorrhage

A

bleeding between skull and dura mater

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19
Q

subdural haemorrhage

A

bleeding between arachnoid mater and dural mater layers

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20
Q

subarachnoid haemorrahage

A

rupture of main blood vessel between arachnoid mater and pia mater with CSF

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21
Q

intercerebral haemorrhage

A

bleeding inside brain

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22
Q

substantia nigra

A

basal ganglia in midbrain for reward and movement

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23
Q

eagle syndrome

A

calcified stylophyoid ligament and abnormally large styloid process

24
Q

test branches for facial nerve

A 
crease forhead/ raise eyebrows
close eyes against resistance 
puff out cheeks
reveal teeth
purse lips
25
reason for hoarse voice
one side of vocal fold is damaged
26
between false and true vocal folds
vestibule
27
vocal folds open
inspiration and phonation
28
vocal folds closed
swallowing, defaecation, parturition
29
parasympathetic cranial nerves
III VII IX X
30
attachments to mastoid process
lateral - SCM | medial (digastric fosssa/ mastoid notch) - posterior belly of digastric
31
infection spread of a swelling at third maxillary molar
maxillary sinus -> pterygoid venous plexus -> cavernous sinus
32
lobes for speech
both supplied by middle cerebral artery frontal lobe - Broca's area, superior branch non-fluent speech, poorly articulated, slow temporal lobe - Wernicke's area, inferior branch fluent speech, no meaning or understanding
33
facial nerve in petrous part of temporal bone
enters via internal acoustic meatus and leaves via stylomastoid foramen greater petrosal nerve (lacrimal gland, paranasal sinuses) nerve to stapedius (stapedius) chorda tympani (submandibular, sublingual, anterior 2/3 tongue)
34
enophthalmos
posterior displacement of eyeball due to changes in volume of orbital cavity (blow out fracture)
35
diplopia
extraocular muscle trapped in fracture/ neurovascular problem see two images of single object
36
preseptal cellulitis
bacterial infection of eyelids
37
Horner's syndrome
lesion of sympathetic fibres to head ptosis (paralysis of superior tarsal) miosis (pupillary constriction) anhidriosis (vasodilation, red, flushed skin)
38
conjuctivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
39
cataract
opacity/ clouding of lens reduces refractory index
40
draining abscess of neck
big vessels | marginal mandibular nerve of CN VII
41
dilated cardiomyopathy
enlarged heart usnable to pump blood (diastolic failure)
42
``` bradycardia tachycardia arrhythmia ectopic asystole ```
``` slow heart rate fast heart rate normal increase in heart during inspiration earlier atrial/ ventricular heart beat flat line/ no electrical activity ```
43
ECG
P wave - atrial depolarisation (frequency is atrial rate) PR segment - continuation of atrial depolarisation QRS complex - ventricular depolarisation (frequency is ventricular rate) ST segment - between ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation T wave - ventricular repolarisation (flat line after T wave is ventricular diastole) U wave - papillary muscle and Purkinje fibres repolarisation
44
pharyngeal plexus
axons from CN IX, X, XI pharyngeal branch of X via pharyngeal plexus all pharyngeal and soft palate muscles except stylopharngeus CN IX and tensor veli palatini CN V3
45
1st pharyngeal arch nerve muscle cartilage development of tongue
``` CN V muscles of mastication mylohyoid anterior belly of digastric tensor veli palatini tensor tympani ``` incus malleus anterior 2/3 tongue
46
2nd pharyngeal arch nerve muscle cartilage development of tongue
CN VII muscles of facial expression stapedius stylohyoid posterior belly of digastric lesser horn and upper body of hyoid stapes styloid process stylohyoid ligament regresses
47
3rd pharyngeal arch nerve muscle cartilage development of tongue
CN IX stylopharyngeus greater horn and lower body of hyoid posterior 1/3 tongue
48
4th pharyngeal arch nerve muscle cartilage development of tongue
CN X superior laryngeal branch pharyngeal muscles cricothyroid thyroid cartilage cricocoid cartilage pharynx
49
5th pharyngeal arch nerve muscle cartilage development of tongue
disintegrates later in embryological development
50
6th pharyngeal arch nerve muscle cartilage development of tongue
CN X recurrent laryngeal branch laryngeal muscles arytenoid cartilage
51
death in shallow water
hypoxia from holding breath too long
52
NO formation
vasodilator nitrogen burning: N2 + O2 -> 2NO commercial production: 4NH3 + 5O2 --Pt 750⁰C--> 4NO + 6H2O further oxidation: 2NO + O2 -> 2NO2
53
waste bag colours
``` non-infected waste (black, black/ yellow) clinical waste/ sharps (yellow) amalgam waste (white) anatomical waste (red) medicinal waste (blue) ```
54
5 times of hand washing
ayliffe handwashing technique ``` before patient contact before aseptic task after body fluid exposure risk after patient contact after contact with patient surroundings ```
55
steps for fissure sealant
prophylaxis - action to prevent disease moisture control - isolate, saliva etch - 37.5% H3PO4 15 seconds wash - 15 seconds dry - 15 seconds apply resin - unfilled resin or GIC (glass isomer cement), 1/3 of cusp height, not beyond marginal ridge, apply with pear shaped burnisher cure - curing light and shield 20 seconds
56
identifying caries
visual inspection transillumination radiographs

First year (31 decks)

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