USMLE Step 1 > USMLE FA Key Associations > Flashcards

USMLE FA Key Associations Flashcards

(130 cards)

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer with associated CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Athersclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammilary bodies)

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforma) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastome (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in USA, 1/9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; ball and valve)

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficeincy
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilrubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive percarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
36
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
37
Death in CML
Blast crisis
38
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
40
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
41
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
42
Dietary deficit
Iron
43
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
44
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
45
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
46
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
48
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
49
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
50
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
51
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricodes
52
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
53
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
59
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
60
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
61
Hypercoaguability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
62
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
64
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
65
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
66
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillius (catalase positive)
67
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
68
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
69
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
70
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
71
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
72
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma
73
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
74
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
75
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
76
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
77
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
78
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
79
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
80
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
81
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
82
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
83
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
84
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
85
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
86
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
87
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
88
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
89
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
90
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
91
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
92
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
93
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
94
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult 65, CML: adult 30-60
95
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
96
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
97
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
98
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
99
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
100
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
101
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
102
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemachromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)
103
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
104
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
105
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hipel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
106
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
107
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increase ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regugitation, LV failure [CHF])
108
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
109
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
110
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
111
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
112
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
113
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popilteal artery > carotid artery
114
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
115
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
116
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
117
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
118
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
119
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
120
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
121
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
122
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
123
Tumor in infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
124
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
125
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
126
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
127
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
128
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
129
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
130
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

USMLE Step 1 (8 decks)

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