Utah Med GI Pathology Flashcards

Question

Non caseating granuloma

Answer 1

Crohns Segmented pattern Anti sacchahromyces cervicisiae antibodies

Answer 2

Like crohns but not so localized

Answer 3

Sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 4

``` Age 39 Aggressive Polyp Right ascending colon Not a ton of polyps ```

Answer 5

Abnormal mismatch repair genes and accounts for perhabe 1-3% of all colon cancers

Answer 6

Associated with familial polyposis Second decade Hundreds of colonic polyps

Answer 7

Abnormal APC | Hundreds of colonic polyps but unlike familial there are extraintestinal lesions such as osteopathic of bone

Answer 8

ADhamartomatous polyps of the small bowel and in some cases in the stomach and colon

Answer 9

Increased indirect bilirubin

Answer 10

Atrophy pancreatic acinar tissue no biliary tract issue

Answer 11

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction and elevation in DIRET bilirubin and alkalin phoaphstaase Painless jaundice No inflammation

Answer 12

PAS positive hyaline globules i periportal regions

Answer 13

Diabetes And obesity Heptomegaly

Answer 14

Signet ring cell pattern of adenocarcinoma

Answer 15

Autoimmune gastritis

Answer 16

Shrunken with gastric wall thickened to 1 cm with extensive overlying mucosal erosions multiple masses in liver

Answer 17

Non Hodgkin lymphoma and kaposi sarcoma

Answer 18

Gastritis and gastric ulceration but risk for malignancy is low

Answer 19

Esophagus fibrosis

Answer 20

Hepatocellular but not gastric

Answer 21

Rare middle aged women | Autoimmune destruction of bile ducts

Answer 22

Hemochromatosis

Answer 23

Ten years ago had jaundice | Now tired or four months and inflammation and ballooning of lobules from triads

Answer 24

Familial polyposis APC | Late childhood get polyps can give rise to adenocarcinoma in COLON just colon

Answer 25

Fewer and middle age

Answer 26

Chronic hepatotoxicity and cirrhosis

Answer 27

Onion skin fibrosis with a moderate lymphocytic infiltrate | Some intrahepatic bile ducts obliterated

Answer 28

Loss of small bile ducts but not fibrosis

Answer 29

Hepatitis and cirrhosis

Answer 30

Hepatitis and fibrosis not sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 31

Elevated gastrin | Multiple gastric ulceration

Answer 32

Atrophic gastritis

Answer 33

Iron defiency

Answer 34

Progressive systemic sclerosis or intestinal tract LOWER ESOPHAGYE

Answer 35

Increased alkaline phosphatase and no elevated bilirubin

Answer 36

Something else led to inflammation likeperitonits

Answer 37

Small, mucosa is increased in amount but no changes of neoplasia

Answer 38

Pseudopoylps are result of surrounding mucosal ulceration. They are not true polyp and not neoplasms

Answer 39

Hamartomatous polyp of bowel

Answer 40

Mixed inflammation and collagenization

Answer 41

Tubular | Narrow stalk in descending colon easily resected

Answer 42

Complication of chronic pancreatitis in people with alcohol problem Area of necrosis with a wall composed of granulation tissue

Answer 43

Columnar metaplasia in lower esophagus can get from gerd

Answer 44

Esophageal webs

Answer 45

Whipple disease Effec tmultpile organs including brain Tropheryma whipple I foamy macrophages in SI submucosa adjacent to lymph nodes or at extraintestinal sites

Answer 46

Has hemochromatosis | Start phlebotomy

Answer 47

Ulcerlower esophagus

Answer 48

Colonic adenocarcinoma

Answer 49

Bile stasis results from blockafae of biliary tract drainage. The source of the calculi is likely the gallbladder. Though most gallstones remain in the gallbladder , some may escape and travel into the common bile duct. The diagnosis made with imaging

Answer 50

Typhoid fever Mononuclear inflammation and leuplenia

Answer 51

Sporadic from increased fat and obesity Blood stool Obstruction from encircling mass with superficial ulceration that is 20 cm above the anal verge

Answer 52

Ischemic enteritis Ischemia

Answer 53

Chronic costipation HIV hepatitis Aging IV drug user

Answer 54

Hemorrhoids from chronic constipation | HIV hep and bacterial sepsis

Answer 55

Most common diverticulum of esophagus; a pulsing diverticulum developing between inferior pharyngeal constructor and cricopharyngeus msucle. May occur with dysphasia or foul smelling breasts

Answer 56

Solitary, sessile, large tumor of colonic mucosa, although it can occur anywhere through the GI tract; composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate capsular projections; malignant change occurs frequently; hypersecretion occurs rarealy

Answer 57

Twisting of intestine can cause obstruction | Vascular compromised

Answer 58

Fir supraclavicular nose on left | For of malignant neoplasm of viscera

Answer 59

Chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by ulceration of the colon and rectum, with rectal bleeding mucosal crypt abscesses, inflammatory pseudopolyps, abdominal pain and diarrhea; Causes anemia, hypoproteinemia, electrolyte imbalance and is also less frequently complicated by peritonitis, toxic megacolon, or carcinoma of the colon

Answer 60

Benign neoplasm combed of pithelial tissue resembling a tubular gland Dysplastic polyp of the colonic mucosa that is considered a potential precursor or adenocarcinoma

Answer 61

Inflammation spanning the entire thickness of the wall of the GI tract

Answer 62

Antral predominant non atrophic gastricis Non atrophic pangastritis

Answer 63

H pyloru no atrophy Inflamed antrum Normal corpus Associated with normal acid secretions No symptoms Risk of duodenal ulcer

Answer 64

H pylori Inflammation in whole stomach with no difference between antrum and corpus. Poorly sanitized areas of h pyloric

Answer 65

A duodenum in patient with extensive superficial burns, intracranial lesions, or severe bodily injury Curling ulcer

Answer 66

Fat poop in pancreatic disease and malabsorption syndrome

Answer 67

Kids and adults gluten Chronic inflammation and atrophy of the mucosa of the upper small intestine manifestations include diarrhea, malabsorption , steatorrhea, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, failure to thrive, or short stature

Answer 68

Enteric infection and nutritional deficiencies Folate defiency Microcytic anemia

Answer 69

Altered basophils cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary that develop following castrations The body of the cell is occupied by a large vacuole that displaces the nucleus to the periphery, giving the cell a resemblance to a signet ring

Answer 70

A contraction ring or incomplete mucosal diaphragm int he lower third of the esophagus, which is sometime symptomatic

Answer 71

Accumulation of large quantities of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity as a result of malignant cystic neoplasms of the ovary or appendix, it willl frequently persist because of the growth of mucus secreting cells scattered on serosa surfaces

Answer 72

Enterocolitis with the formation and passage of pseudomembranous material in the stools Occurs most commonly as a sequel to antibiotic therapy; caused by a necrolytic exotoxins made by c difiile

Answer 73

Iron defiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal stenosis and atrophic glossitis

Answer 74

Generalized hamartomatous multiple polyposis of the intestinal tract, consistently involving the jejunum associated with melanin spots of the lips buccal mucosa and fingers AD Mutation in STK11 on 19p

Answer 75

Extensive ulceration and necrosis of the ileum and colon in premature infants in the neonatal period Possibly due to perinatal intestinal ischemia and bacterial invasions

Answer 76

Circumferential adenocarcinoma of the rectum, often a cause of rectal stricture

Answer 77

Retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, gallbladder, or other site

Answer 78

Dark stool | Blood or intestinal juice alteration

Answer 79

Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the proximal small bowel mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain and clubbing of fingers and toes; seen in poor people ind enveloping countries

Answer 80

From infiltrating cirrhosis carcinoma extensive thickening of the wall of the stomach

Answer 81

Metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, usually bilateral and secondary to a mucous carcinoma of the stomach, which signet ring cells filled with mucus

Answer 82

Smoothly rounded mucosal hamartoma of the large bowel, which may be multiple and cause rectal bleeding, espicially in the first decade of like; it is not precancerous

Answer 83

Inflammation and injury of the intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with grater frequency in the elderly and is the most moon form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation

Answer 84

Projecting mass of granulation tissue, large numbers in UC | May be covered by regenerating epithelium

Answer 85

Small sessile polyp of large bowel showing theming and cystic dilation of mucosal glands also applied to non neoplastic gastric mucosal polyps

Answer 86

Varicocele of external hemorrhoids veins causing painful swelling at the anus

Answer 87

Passage of bloody stools in contradistinction to melena

Answer 88

Longitudinal venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal HTN

Answer 89

Cytotoxic specific for the cells of the intestinal mucosa

Answer 90

Inflammation fo the mucous membrane of a greater or lesser extent of both small and large intestines

Answer 91

Pouch or sac opening from a tubular or saccular organ

Answer 92

See if intestine can absorb glucose Level in blood and urine low if absorption wrong

Answer 93

Gastric ulcer produced by elevated intracranial pressure. It is also called con rokitansky Cushing syndrome . Apart from in the stomach, it may also develop in the proximal part of the duodenum and the distal esophagus

Answer 94

General term for Crohn’s disease and UC, chronic disorders of the small and large intestine, of unknown cause, with conspicuous inflammatory features and distinctive but overlapping signs and symptoms

Answer 95

H pyloru Nsaids Autoimmune Allergic

Answer 96

Small’s slow growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded oxyphilic or spindle shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface; neoplastic cells are frequently palisades at the periphery of the small groups and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue. Such neoplasm occur anywhere in the GI most appendix. The pending ones don’t really metasticize but responded incidence of metastasesfrom other sites

Answer 97

A combination of symptoms and lesions mostly produced by the release of serotonin from carcinoid tumors of the GI that have metasticize to the liver; consists of irregular mottled blushing , flat angiomas of the skin, acquired tricuspid and pulmonary stenosis often with regurgitation, occasionally with some minor involvement of calves on the left side f the heart, diarrhea, bronchial spasm, mental aberration and excretion of large quantities of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

Answer 98

From bacterial infection which may be precipitated by obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith; variable symptoms often consisting of periumbilical, colicky pain and vomiting may be followed by fever, leukocytosis, persistent pain and signs of peritoneal inflammation in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen ; perforation or abscess formation is frequent complication of delayed surgical intervention

Answer 99

Degenerative or congenital structural abnormality of the normally distributed vasculature

Answer 100

se of esophagitis in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies complicated by severe granulocytopenia; may also occur after bone marrow transplantation, diabetic ketoacidosis, and in patients with AIDS. Characterized by difficulty swallowing, endoscopic appearance ranging from normal mucosa to ulcers associated with erythema, plaques, pseudomembranes, or hemorrhage; diagnosis confirmed by mucosal biopsy and culture

Answer 101

infection of the esophageal mucosae by Candida albicans leading to painful and difficult swallowing. White plaques adherent to the mucosa are typically seen; frequently affects immunocompromised patients or those receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics; diagnosed by endoscopic brushing, mucosal biopsy, or both

Answer 102

: infection of the esophagus with herpes simplex virus characterized by difficult and painful swallowing. Discrete ulcers of the esophageal mucosa are typically seen; frequently affects immunocompromised patients; diagnosis confirmed by viral inclusions on mucosal biopsy

Answer 103

mucosal injury by swallowed medicine in solid form that is retained in the esophagus

Answer 104

cid gastric contents, usually due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter; symptoms include substernal pain, 'heartburn,' and regurgitation of acid juice

Answer 105

hiatus hernia. hernia of a part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm; classified as sliding (esophagogastric junction above the diaphragm) or paraesophageal (esophagogastric junction below the diaphragm). The latter is associated with an intact phrenoesophageal membrane.

Answer 106

upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage resulting from a laceration in the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction, usually induced by retching or vomiting. SYN: Mallory-Weiss lesion, Mallory-Weiss tear

Answer 107

Failure to relax; referring especially to visceral openings such as the pylorus, cardia, or any other sphincter muscle. [G. a- priv. + chalasis, a slackening

Answer 108

longitudinal venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension; they are superficial and liable to ulceration and massive bleeding

Answer 109

narrowing of the gastric pylorus, especially by congenital muscular hypertrophy or scarring resulting from a peptic ulcer. SEE ALSO: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Answer 110

Pr otrusion of abdominal contents into the chest through a weakness in the respiratory diaphragm; a common type is the hiatal hernia

Answer 111

he presence of ectopic gastric mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract, the most common site being the duodenum. As the ectopic tissue produces acid, it can lead to erosion and ulceration

Answer 112

inflammation of the stomach lining caused by the body’s own immune system attacking and destroying the cells of the mucus layer. The body produces antibodies that target the parietal cells of the stomach. It is a rare inherited condition that is more common among people that have another type of autoimmune disease. The inflammation of the stomach lining causes a vitamin B12 deficiency and can lead to pernicious anemia. Autoimmune gastritis is treated with parenteral vitamin B12 and antacids to relieve the discomfort of excess digestive juices. Symptoms of autoimmune gastritis usually begin with upper abdominal pain and cramping. The excess digestive enzymes produced by the stomach can lead to diarrhea. Most people with AG report nausea and a feeling of fullness without eating. The sensation of acid in the esophagus after meals can lead to a lack of appetite and weight loss. The bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can aggravate some cases of autoimmune gastritis. This bacterium wears away at the mucus lining of the stomach, causing the majority of the inflammation issues. H. pylori bacteria is spread from person to person, and left untreated can cause chronic gastritis. Gastritis caused by the H. pylori bacteria can be treated with antibiotics and antacids to relieve the pain caused by the production of stomach acid

Answer 113

chronic gastritis with atrophy of the mucous membrane and destruction of the peptic glands, sometimes associated with pernicious anemia or gastric carcinoma; also applied to gastric atrophy without inflammatory changes

Answer 114

Chronic gastritis refers to a wide range of problems of the gastric tissues. The immune system makes proteins and antibodies that fight infections in the body to maintain a homeostatic condition. In some disorders the body targets the stomach as if it were a foreign protein or pathogen; it makes antibodies against, severely damages, and may even destroy the stomach or its lining. In some cases bile, normally used to aid digestion in the small intestine, will enter through the pyloric valve of the stomach if it has been removed during surgery or does not work properly, also leading to gastritis. Gastritis may also be caused by other medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, Crohn's disease, certain connective tissue disorders, and liver or kidney failure

Answer 115

an ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns, intracranial lesions, or severe bodily injury

Answer 116

Ulcer of duodenum; 90% associated with helicobacter pylori

Answer 117

Ulcer of stomach

Answer 118

benign small sessile polyp of the large bowel showing lengthening and cystic dilation of mucosal glands; also applied to nonneoplastic gastric mucosal polyps. SYN: metaplastic polyp.

Answer 119

benign polyp that arises in the gastric fundus, commonly linked to use of proton pump inhibitors or to familial polyposis syndrome

Answer 120

polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium. SYN: cellular polyp, polypoid adenoma

Answer 121

a malignant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and thence the muscularis propria. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumor cells describe irregular tubular structures, harboring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma ('back to back' aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighboring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica, leather-bottle stomach) Tumor cells are discohesive and secrete mucus which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically 'empty' spaces). It is poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, it pushes the nucleus to the periphery: 'signet-ring c

Answer 122

nant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and thence the muscularis propria. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumor cells describe irregular tubular structures, harboring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma ('back to back' aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighboring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica, leather-bottle stomach) Tumor cells are discohesive and secrete mucus which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically 'empty' spaces). It is poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, it pushes the nucleus to the periphery: 'signet-ring cell'.

Answer 123

a malignant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and thence the muscularis propria. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumor cells describe irregular tubular structures, harboring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma ('back to back' aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighboring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica, leather-bottle stomach) Tumor cells are discohesive and secrete mucus which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically 'empty' spaces). It is poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, it pushes the nucleus to the periphery: 'signet-ring

Answer 124

benign or malignant tumor composed of unclassifiable spindle cells; immunohistochemically distinct from smooth muscle and Schwann cell tumors

Answer 125

a disease occurring in children and adults characterized by sensitivity to gluten, with chronic inflammation and atrophy of the mucosa of the upper small intestine; manifestations include diarrhea, malabsorption, steatorrhea, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, and failure to thrive, or short stature

Answer 126

sprue occurring in the tropics, often associated with enteric infection and nutritional deficiency, and frequently complicated by folate deficiency with macrocytic anemia. SYN: tropic diarrhea

Answer 127

rare condition characterized by steatorrhea, frequently generalized lymphadenopathy, arthritis, fever, and cough; many 'foamy' macrophages are found in the jejunal lamina propria; caused by Tropheryma whippleii. May lead to progressive malnutrition, dementia, and if untreated, death

Answer 128

ubacute chronic enteritis, of unknown cause, involving the terminal ileum and less frequently other parts of the gastrointestinal tract; characterized by patchy deep ulcers that may cause fistulae, and by narrowing and thickening of the bowel by fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltration, with noncaseating tuberculoid granulomas that also may be found in regional lymph nodes; symptoms include fever, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, and weight loss. SYN: chronic cicatrizing enteritis, regional enteritis, distal ileitis, regional ileitis, terminal ileitis, granulomatous enteritis

Answer 129

extensive ulceration and necrosis of the ileum and colon in premature infants in the neonatal period; possibly due to perinatal intestinal ischemia and bacterial invasio

Answer 130

nflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon caused by various infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Common clinical manifestations of enterocolitis are frequent diarrheal defecations, with or without nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, chills, alteration of general condition. General manifestations are given by the dissemination of the infectious agent or its toxins throughout the body, or – most frequently – by significant losses of water and minerals, the consequence of diarrhea and vomiting.

Answer 131

enterocolitis with the formation and passage of pseudomembranous material in the stools; occurs most commonly as a sequel to antibiotic therapy; caused by a necrolytic exotoxin made by Clostridium difficile

Answer 132

medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified. Ischemic colitis is usually suspected on the basis of the clinical setting, physical examination, and laboratory test results; the diagnosis can be confirmed via endoscopy or by using sigmoid or endoscopic placement of a visible light spectroscopic catheter. Ischemic colitis can span a wide spectrum of severity; most patients are treated supportively and recover fully, while a minority with very severe ischemia may develop sepsis and become critically ill. Patients with mild to moderate ischemic colitis are usually treated with IV fluids, analgesia, and bowel rest (that is, no food or water by mouth) until the symptoms resolve. Those with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene, or bowel perforation may require more aggressive interventions such as surgery and intensive care. Most patients make a full recovery; occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long-term complications such as a stricture or chronic colitis.

Answer 133

Colitis occurring mostly in middle-aged women and characterized by persistent watery diarrhea and a deposit of a band of collagen beneath the basement membrane of colon surface epithelium

Answer 134

a subtype of microscopic colitis, is a rare condition characterized by chronic non-bloody watery diarrhea. The colonoscopy is normal but the mucosal biopsy reveals an accumulation of lymphocytes in the colonic epithelium and connective tissue (lamina propria). Collagenous colitis shares this feature but additionally shows a distinctive thickening of the subepithelial collagen table. The peak incidence of lymphocytic colitis is in persons over age 50; the disease affects women more than men.

Answer 135

Degenerative or congenital structural abnormality of the normally distributed vasculature

Answer 136

type I, familial colorectal cancer, generally occurring at an early age; type II, familial colorectal cancer occurring at an early age in conjunction with female genital cancer or cancers at other sites proximal to the bowel

Answer 137

a rare and distinctive form of multiple intestinal polyposis associated with brain tumors; autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutation in one of the mismatch repair genes: either MLH1 on chromosome 3p, PMS2 on chromosome 7p, or the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on 5q

Answer 138

multiple polyposis predisposing to carcinoma of the colon; also multiple tumors, osteomas of the skull, epidermoid cysts, and fibromas; autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on chromosome 5q. This disorder is allelic to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP

Answer 139

polyposis that usually begins in childhood; polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis; pigmented retinal lesions are frequently found; carcinoma of the colon almost invariably develops in untreated cases; autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on 5q. In Gardner syndrome, which is allelic to FAP, there are extracolonic changes (desmoid tumors, osteomas, jaw cysts). SYN: adenomatous polyposis coli, familial polyposis coli, multiple intestinal polyposis

Answer 140

generalized hamartomatous multiple polyposis of the intestinal tract, consistently involving the jejunum, associated with melanin spots of the lips, buccal mucosa, and fingers; autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the serine/threonine kinase gene (STK11) on chromosome 19p. SYN: Jeghers-Peutz syndrome, Peutz syndrome.

Answer 141

usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface; neoplastic cells are frequently palisaded at the periphery of the small groups, and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue. Such neoplasms occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites), with approximately 90% in the appendix and the remainder chiefly in the ileum, but also in the stomach, other parts of the small intestine, the colon, and the rectum; those of the appendix and small tumors seldom metastasize, but reported incidences of metastases from other primary sites and from tumors exceeding 2.0 cm in diameter vary from 25-75%; lymph nodes in the abdomen and the liver may be conspicuously involved, but metastases above the diaphragm are rare. About 1% of cases are associated with the carcinoid syndrome, usually after the portal circulation is bypassed as in cases involving liver metastases. SEE ALSO: carcinoid syndrome.

Answer 142

appendicitis caused by obstruction or in response to the presence of parasitic worms such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, or the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 143

acute appendicitis with purulent exudate in the lumen and wall of the appendix

Answer 144

appendicitis of a subperitoneally displaced appendix

Answer 145

appendicitis following a lodgment of fecal material in the appendix

Answer 146

Repeated episodes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain attributed to recurrence of inflammation of the appendix in a person who did not have an appendectomy for prior episodes. SYN: relapsing appendicitis

Answer 147

. inflammation of the appendix leading to perforation of the wall of the appendix into the peritoneal cavity, resulting in peritonitis

Answer 148

s. acute appendicitis due to infection of retained secretion behind an obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith or some other cause, including carcinoma of the cecum

Answer 149

Acute appendicitis in a retrodisplaced appendix in the lumbar region

Answer 150

. appendicitis occurring on the left side of the abdomen, usually the left lower quadrant, due to abnormal rotation of the g

Answer 151

acute appendicitis with necrosis of the wall of the appendix, most commonly developing in obstructive appendicitis and frequently causing perforation and acute peritonitis

Answer 152

. appendicitis caused by obstruction of the lumen of the appendix by a foreign substance, such as a particulate foreign body.

Answer 153

acute appendicitis involving only part of the appendix, sometimes at the site of, or distal to, an obstruction of the lumen

Answer 154

fibrous adhesions, scarring, or deformity of the appendix following subsidence of acute appendicitis; fibrous obliteration of the distal lumen is not abnormal in older persons; term frequently used to refer to repeated mild attacks of acute appendicitis.

Answer 155

appendicitis caused by deposition of the eggs of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni in the vermiform appendix.

Answer 156

m bacterial infection, which may be precipitated by obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith; variable symptoms often consisting of periumbilical, colicky pain and vomiting may be followed by fever, leukocytosis, persistent pain, and signs of peritoneal inflammation in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen; perforation or abscess formation is a frequent complication of delayed surgical intervention.

Answer 157

chronic suppurative appendicitis resulting from infection by Actinomyces israelii.

Answer 158

ppendiceal mucocele is a rare but well-recognized entity that can mimic several common clinical syndromes or present as an incidental surgical or radiological finding. It has a 0.2% to 0.4% prevalence among appendectomies. The term mucocele is widely used in diagnosing both benign and malignant lesions, but specific criteria are being proposed for definitive diagnosis and surgical management of appendiceal mucocele. While some neoplasms with malignant potential may be treated definitively by resection, other seemingly benign lesions must be treated conservatively due to complications that ensue from peritoneal and cecal inoculation and the possibility of progression to malignancy. Mucocele can result from mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma, or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Signs and symptoms occur in fewer than 50% of cases and are generally associated with malignancy. These include pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant, an abdominal mass, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, anemia, and hematochezia. Depending on the location of the appendix, other signs may be observed, such as hematuria. The most dreaded complication of benign or malignant mucocele is pseudomyxoma peritonei, which is difficult to treat surgically or medically. It has an uncertain prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate between 53% and 75%. More than half of appendiceal mucoceles are mucinous cystadenomas, most of which can be treated by appendectomy alone, with careful exploratory laparotomy for mucinous peritoneal adhesions typical of pseudomyxoma. Wide resection of the ap-pendix, however, is currently the standard for conservative surgical management of unspecified appendiceal mucocele.

Answer 159

CYSTADENOMA - A histologically benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed; in some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. SYN: cystoadenoma. CYSTADENOCARCINOMA - A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed; the neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur; cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized

Answer 160

the accumulation of large quantities of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity, as a result of malignant cystic neoplasms of the ovary or appendix; it will frequently persist because of the growth of mucus-secreting cells scattered on serosal surfaces. SYN: gelatinous ascites.

Answer 161

the accumulation of large quantities of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity, as a result of malignant cystic neoplasms of the ovary or appendix; it will frequently persist because of the growth of mucus-secreting cells scattered on serosal surfaces. SYN: gelatinous ascites.

Answer 162

a collection of three criteria (also called Whipple`s criteria) that suggest a patient`s symptoms result from hypoglycemia that may indicate insulinoma. The triad is stated in various versions, but the essential conditions are: 1 - Symptoms known or likely to be caused by hypoglycemia; 2 - A low plasma glucose measured at the time of the symptoms; 3 - Relief of symptoms when the glucose is raised to n

Answer 163

a test for cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in which electrolytes are measured in collected sweat; sodium chloride concentration above 50 mEq/L (children) or 60 mEq/L (adults) is positive.

Answer 164

An accumulation of fluid in a cystlike loculus, but without an epithelial or other membranous lining. SYN: adventitious cyst, false cyst. 2. A cyst the wall of which is formed by a host cell and not by a parasite. 3. A mass of 50 or more Toxoplasma bradyzoites, found within a host cell, frequently in the brain; formerly called a pseudocyst, but now considered a true cyst enclosed in its own membrane within the host cell that may rupture to release particles that form new cysts, and apparently is infective to another vertebrate host. SEE ALSO: bradyzoite. [pseudo- + G. kystis, bladder]

Answer 165

Crohns Megaloblastic anemia for absorption b12

Answer 166

Acute cholangitis Right upper quadrant pain, juaundicr, fever CHARCOTS TRIAD

Answer 167

Biliary atresia with neonatal cholestasis Dark urine gray stool

Answer 168

Increase, increase, decrease, increase

Answer 169

Magenta granules PAS | Alpha 1 antitrypsin

Answer 170

Hypo Metabolis alkalosis

Answer 171

Uncomplicated cholelithiasis | Transient occlusion of cystic duct by a gallstone

Answer 172

Liver cancer

Answer 173

Chronic opiate use caused ileus Large colon Hypomotility of GI tract

Answer 174

Transmural injury to esophagus

Answer 175

Monitor for recurrence of colon cancer

Answer 176

Abnormal absorption Patients with mucosal disease abnormal D xylose Pancreatic disase normal test

Answer 177

Hyperosmotic intraluminal graduated Lactose intolerant 1. Dow Regulation lactase

Answer 178

Ileum | Carcinoid tumor neuroendocrine cells oversecrete serotonin

Answer 179

Increased intestinal absorption of iron | -transfusions

Answer 180

Pancreatitis secondary to hypercalcemia Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 181

Sclerosing cholangitis Colonoscopy Most have IBD

Answer 182

Focal nodular hyperplasia

Answer 183

CREST | Absent peristalsis in Lower 2/3 of esophagus

Answer 184

Chronic hemolysis Cholelithiasis Opaque-sickle cell, chronic hemolysis Radioopaque-pigment-hemolysis, alcoholic cirrhosis, old, biliary infection

Answer 185

Lack proofreading exonuclease

Answer 186

Enlarged gallbladder with thickened wall Acalculous cholecystisis Acute inflammatory disease afflicting the gallbladder “Burn, birth, immunosuppression, major trauma, mechanical ventilation, transfusions, sepsis, total parenteral nutrition: Get ischemia->gallbladder stasis

Answer 187

Ca19-9 | Head tumor pancreas

Answer 188

Donor lymphocytes recognize host cell antigens Gvhd following bone marrow

Answer 189

Decreased bilirubin conjugation

Answer 190

Smoking | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Answer 191

CCK Tone of sphincter of oddi

Answer 192

Diverticulitis

Answer 193

Post cholecystectomy syndrome Increased enterohepatic bile circulation

Answer 194

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficits | Cirrhosis and hemolysis

Answer 195

Primary sclerosing cholangitis Night bling

Answer 196

Steroids | Prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 197

Intussusception | Barium or air enema

Answer 198

Muscularis proporia

Answer 199

Perinuclear antineutrophic cytoplasmic antibody Inflammation and fibrosis of the medium large intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree

Answer 200

Diffuse abdominal cramping non bloody diarrhea | WBC and ESR secondary to inflammation and anemia secondary to microscopic blood loss in the GI

Answer 201

Moderately poorly differentiated glandular formation with abortive tubular structures Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Answer 202

Autoimmune hepatitis which can cause chronic hepatitis b

Answer 203

Stricture formation Caustic injury

Answer 204

Metastatic cancer

Answer 205

HNPCC | Large bowel obstruction cancer in right colon

Answer 206

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

Answer 207

Stomach g cells

Answer 208

Mucosal and submucosal damage, ulcerations, equates and vesicle formation

Answer 209

Celiac sprue | Increased incidence lymphoma

Answer 210

Volvulus | Twisting colon mesentery

Answer 211

CF need enzyme replacement

Answer 212

Corkscrew gram negative rod

Answer 213

Pyloric stenosis

Answer 214

Villous adenoma

Utah Med GI Pathology Flashcards

(257 cards)