UTI Flashcards
(43 cards)
Why is UTI more common in women?
Because the urethra is closer to the perianal region
Short urethra
Sexual contact
Adhesion to the epithelium
What is the most common UTI causing organism?
Escherichia coli
What does the normal flora of the urethra include?
Lactobacilli
Staphylococci
More than —% of cases are caused by a single bacterium?
> 95%
What are the bacteria that causes high incidence of UTI in pt with structural urogenital anomalies AND recurrent UTI’s??**
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella and enterobacter spp.
Enterococci and staphylococci
“P.E.P.SIELLA”
***What is the management for ACUTE CYSTITIS
Fosfomycin trometamol
Nitrofurantoin
Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole
Fluoroquinolones
List 6 facts about staphylococcus saprophyticus?
Gram +
Coagulase -ve
Causes infection in sexually active young women
Reaches the kidney by hematogenous route
Causes intra-renal perirenal abscess
5-15% of acute cystitis
………… microorganisms rarely causes UTI’s
Anaerobic
Which microorganism causes UTI in catheterized patients receiving antibiotic therapy
Candida(fungi)
Which agent causes HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS
in pediatric pt and allogenic bone marrow recipients?
Adenovirus
What are the upper UTI?
Pyelonephritis
Perinephritic abscess
What are the lower UTI?
Urethritis
Cystitis
What is the most common pathogenesis of UTI
Ascending pathway; bacteria enter through the urethra and move upwards.
Tru or false: The kidney is frequently affected in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia or endocarditis.
True
***what are the protection mechanisms of UTI?
Elimination by voiding
Antibacterial properties of urine
Defense mechanism of bladder mucosa
Acid environment in vagina
Prostate secretion
Risk factors of UTI
Urinary obstruction
Catheterization,urethral dilation, cystoscopy
Renal treatment
Vesicoureteral reflux: inc pressure in bladder causes agent to reach kidney
Neurologic: spinal injury and sclerosis(causing dec. bladder emptying)
Dehydration
List 5 risk factors of UTI in females? ***
Sexual intercourse
Lack of urination after sex
Spermicidal & Diaphragm
Diabetes m
Pregnancy
Vaginal atrophy/estrogen deficinecy
Pelvic prolapse/cystocele
UTI risk factors in men? ***
Uncircumcision
Transfer of Vaginal E.coli while sex
Prostate hypertrophy
Condom catheter
Homosexuah/ rectal intercourse
prostatic enlargement–>obstruction
TRUE or FALSE;
SIGNIFICANT BACTERIURIA; Presence of at least 200,000 bacteria per ml in the urine in excess of the possibility of contamination from the anterior urethraà infection
False
True 100,000 bacteria
Symptoms of cystitis?
Frequent urination
Suprapubic pain
Bloody, cloudy urine
Burning
Urgency
Which of cystitis or pyelonephritis have prominent CBC values?
Pyelonephritis
What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis?
Dysuria
Pollakiuria(frequent urination)
Urgency
Flank/lower back pain
Fever
Which factors cause complicated UTI’s?
Urological anomalies
Pregnancy
What are the risk factors in COMPLICATED UTI?
“ the Male Prostate prevents UTI in Diabetes, PKD, urolithiasis or neurogenic bladder patients”
“In Postmenopausal women who dont get Pregnant have hx of recurrent /childhood UTI’s “
“Hospital-acquired UTI caused by indwelling Catheter, Stents, renal Transplant, Nephrostomy
