Utilitarianism

Question 1

Identification

Are British philosophers who had immense impact on British thought

Answer 1

• Jeremy Bentham
• John Stuart Mill

Question 2

Identification

as the head of a group of reformers called “the philosophical radicals”

Answer 2

Jeremy Bentham

Question 3

Identification

A group of reformers where members included James Mill and his son, John Stuart Mill

Answer 3

the philosophical radicals

Question 4

Identification

are considered the main proponents of the moral theory called Utilitarianism

Answer 4

Bentham and John Mill

Question 5

Identification

The most prominent moral philosophy in the last two centuries

Answer 5

Utilitarianism

Question 6

Identification

Is known as consequentialist theory, a subclass of teleological moral theory

Answer 6

Utilitarianism

Question 7

Identification

Judges the rightness of an act in terms of an external goal or purpose

Answer 7

Teleological Ethical System

Question 8

Identification

Its basis in the determination of what one ought to do rests exclusively on the consequences of the act, not the nature of the act nor the traditional moral rules

Answer 8

Teleological Ethical System

Question 9

Identification

Proposes that actions, rules, or policies should be ethically measured and evaluated by their consequences, not by the intentions or motives of the agent

Answer 9

Consequential Ethics

Question 10

Identification

hold that some actions are intrinsically wrong and must never be done no matter what the results are

Answer 10

Absolutists

Question 11

Identification

suppose that there is no kind of act which may not be justified by its effects

Answer 11

Consequentialists

Question 12

Identification

believe in a natural law or in natural rights which render some acts – those which violate those rights or conflict with that law – as immoral, no matter what their outcomes are

Answer 12

Absolutists

Question 13

Identification

believe that there is no class of actions which must be ruled out in advance independent of their consequences

Answer 13

Consequentialists

Question 14

Identification

The most influential consequentialist theory

Answer 14

Utilitarianism

Question 15

Identification

Latin word meaning useful

Answer 15

utilis

Question 16

Identification

States that what is useful is good and that the
moral value of actions are determined by the
utility of its consequences

Answer 16

Utilitarianism

Question 17

Identification

It explains that those actions that bring about
favorable effects are moral while those that
produce damaging results are immoral

Answer 17

Utilitarianism

Question 18

Identification

Essentially opposed to ethical theories that consider God’s will or some inner sense or faculty, like the conscience, to be the final arbiter of morality

Answer 18

Utilitarianism

Question 19

Identification

Argues that the right course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness

Answer 19

Utilitarian Ethics

Question 20

Identification

This ethical system that identifies happiness with pleasure

Answer 20

Hedonistic

Question 21

Identification

An action is right if it amplifies pleasures and minimizes pain

Answer 21

Utilitarian Ethics

Question 22

Identification

The principle of utility is applied directly to every alternative act in a situation of choice

Answer 22

Act Utilitarianism

Question 23

Identification

Is defined as the one which brings about the best results, or, the least amount of bad results

Answer 23

Right Act

Question 24

Identification

The principle of utility is used to decide the validity of rules of conduct (moral standards or principles)

Answer 24

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 25

Identification He founded the doctrine of utilitarianism

Answer 25

Jeremy Bentham

Question 26

Identification He later systematized and modified some of Bentham’s utilitarian principles

Answer 26

John Stuart Mill

Question 27

Identification He proposed the primary form of utilitarianism in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)

Answer 27

Jeremy Bentham

Question 28

Identification He confessed that he took over the principle of utility from David Hume

Answer 28

Jeremy Bentham

Question 29

Identification He explains that ‘utility’ means that property in any object that tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness, or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness

Answer 29

Bentham

Question 30

Identification states that an action is right insofar as it tends to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number

Answer 30

Principle of utility

Question 31

Enumeration What are the two sovereign masters

Answer 31

- Pleasure - Pain

Question 32

Enumeration What are the 4 sanctions or sources of pleasure?

Answer 32

- Physical - Moral - Religious - Spiritual

Question 33

Identification Basis of all the other sanctions of pleasure

Answer 33

Physical

Question 34

Enumeration seven criteria that allow one to quantify the amount of pleasure or pain an action brings about

Answer 34

- Intensity - Duration - Certainty - Propinquity (Remoteness) - Fecundity (Fruitfulness) - Purity - Extent to which pleasure and pain are shared among the greatest number of people

Question 35

Enumeration seven criteria that allow one to quantify the amount of pleasure or pain an action brings about

Answer 35

- Intensity - Duration - Certainty - Propinquity (Remoteness) - Fecundity (Fruitfulness) - Purity - Extent to which pleasure and pain are shared among the greatest number of people

Question 36

Identification determines the moral value of an act by calculating the sum of pleasure it caused and the amount of pain it generated

Answer 36

Bentham's Utilitarianism

Question 37

Identification is that which maximizes benefits and minimizes damages or costs

Answer 37

Moral Deed

Question 38

True or False Mill disapproves the retributive principle that requires that he who has done harm shall endure harm

Answer 38

False Bentham disapproves the retributive principle that requires that he who has done harm shall endure harm

Question 39

Identification is the most famous proponent of utilitarianism after Bentham

Answer 39

John Stuart Mill

Question 40

Identification he advocates ‘the greatest happiness principle’ which states that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong

Answer 40

John Stuart Mill

Question 41

Identification rejects the purely quantitative treatment of the principle of utility

Answer 41

John Stuart Mill

Question 41

Identification he introduces the so-called ‘secondary principles’ which set the tone for a contemporary variant form of the theory called rule utilitarianism

Answer 41

John Stuart Mill

Question 42

Identification distinguished between higher and lower pleasures

Answer 42

John Stuart Mill

Question 43

Identification He ites Epicurus who explain that while the good or happy life is the life of pleasure, it does not mean only sensual pleasure

Answer 43

John Stuart Mill

Question 44

Identification belong to lower pleasures or those which animals can also experience (e.g., food, drink, sex)

Answer 44

Physical Pleasures

Question 45

Identification He declared, “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pic satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied"

Answer 45

John Stuart Mill

Question 46

Identification refer to intellectual which includes artistic, political, and spiritual pleasures

Answer 46

Higher Pleasures

Question 47

Identification more desirable and more valuable that are exclusive to humans (e.g., reading a good novel or poetry, listening to music, etc.)

Answer 47

Higher Pleasures

Question 48

Identification he wants qualitative distinctions among pleasures which is considered ____.

Answer 48

qualitative hedonist

Question 49

True or False For Mill, a happiness that is made up principally of higher pleasures is a higher, deeper, truer, and more valuable form of happiness

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True or False Mill states that ‘happiness’ and ‘unhappiness’ are the basis of good and evil

Answer 50

True

Question 51

True or False Pleasure and pain are only the basic minimum

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Identification He believes that past experiences teach us what kinds of action promote happiness and which do no

Answer 52

John Stuart Mill

Question 53

Identification He believes that past experiences teach us what kinds of action promote happiness and which do no

Answer 53

Mill's secondary Principles

Question 54

Identification This does not mean that the actions are justified by these practical rules – it’s the consequences manifested in past experiences which validate them

Answer 54

Mill's Utilitarianism

Question 55

True or False Utilitarianism appears to be a direct negative reaction against Kantian ethics

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Identification has transcultural appeal as all sentient being understand pain and pleasure; it also inspires and encourages people to act morally, even if one does not believe in afterlife, for moral actions can be observed to improve life on eart

Answer 56

Utilitarianism

Question 57

Identification allows for exceptions to the rule if justified by the consequence

Answer 57

Utilitarianism

Question 58

True or False utilitarianism indicates that an act is right even if it is done from an evil motive as long as it brings about advantageous effects

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Identification perhaps the most broadly understood and normally applied ethical theory in business

Answer 59

Utilitarianism

Question 60

Identification teaches decision generates the greatest good for the greatest number of persons

Answer 60

Utilitarianism

Question 61

Identification is defined as the net benefits that accrue to those parties affected by choice

Answer 61

good

Question 62

Identification centers on the action that has been taken, evaluating it along the lines of whether the chosen action produces more good than bad consequences

Answer 62

Act Utilitarianism