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UTILITIES 2 FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

perform
mechanical, electrical, and civil
engineering work in design, construction,
operation and maintenance of water
systems, electrical power lines, and power
plants.

A

Engineering Utilities

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2
Q
  • is the decision
    and practice of using less energy.
A

Energy Conservation -

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3
Q

BENEFITS OF ENERGY
CONSERVATION

A
  • Protect the environment
  • Reduce / lower electricity bill
  • Generate utility savings
  • Increase property value
  • Enhance quality of life
  • Earn incremental returns on
    energy efficiency investment
  • Insulate yourself from rising
    electricity prices
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4
Q
  • Produce natural gas and deliver it
    to customers
  • The functions required generation,
    transmission, and distribution.
A

GAS UTILITIES

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5
Q

Produce drinkable water and
deliver it to customers
- The functions required treatment,
transmission, and distribution

A

WATER UTILITIES

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6
Q

This is different from electricity,
gas, and water. Does not generate
a product and transport this
product to customers.

A

TELEPHONE UTILITIES

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7
Q

Often called a sewage utility,
transports dirty water away from
customers and treats the dirty
water so that it is suitable to be
discharged into the environment.

A

WASTEWATER UTILITIES

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8
Q

Utilities are natural monopolies,
they require government oversight
so that they do not exercise
monopoly power to the detriment
of customers and society.

A

UTILITY REGULATION

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9
Q
  • an integral part of the
    larger and more complex building
    procurement process through which an
    owner defines facility needs, considers
    architectural possibilities, contracts for
    design and construction services and uses
    the resulting facility.
A

Design Process

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10
Q
  • a statement that outlines
    the expected high-level outcome of the
    design process.
A

Design Intent -

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11
Q
  • are the benchmarks
    against which success or failure in
    meeting design intent is measured.
A

Design Criteria -

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12
Q
  • process of cooling to
    provide human comfort
A

Air conditioning -

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13
Q
  • use for food preservation ;
    removing heat from substances in
    chemical, petroleum, and petrochemical
    plants ; and numerous special applications
    such as those in the manufacturing and
    construction industries.
A

Refrigeration

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14
Q

METHODS OF REFRIGERATION

A
  1. Ice Refrigeration
  2. Mechanical Refrigeration
  3. Absorption Refrigeration
  4. Steam Jet or Vacuum
    Refrigeration
  5. Air Cycle Refrigeration
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15
Q

A refrigeration method of lowering
and maintaining the temperature of
a material or space by the use of a
literal ice

A

Ice Refrigeration

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16
Q

A method of refrigeration using
mechanical components
composing a system known as
vapor compression refrigeration
system.

A

Mechanical Refrigeration

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17
Q

A method of refrigeration through
the use of a system or cycle

A

Absorption Refrigeration

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18
Q

A method of refrigeration system
using water as refrigerant, lowering
and maintaining of system
temperature is attained by creation
of vacuum condition through the
action of steam jet.

A

. Steam Jet or Vacuum
Refrigeration

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19
Q

A method of refrigeration using air
as refrigeration.

A

Air Cycle Refrigeration

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20
Q

4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF
REFRIGERATION

A
  1. Evaporator
  2. Condenser
  3. Expansion Valve or Capillaries
  4. Compressor
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21
Q

low -pressure vapor heat
exchanger
- Located in the freezer
compartment of refrigerator

A

Evaporator

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22
Q

high -pressure vapor heat
exchanges

A

Condenser

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23
Q

The throttling devices that
transport refrigerant from high
pressure condition (condenser) to
low pressure condition
(evaporator)

A

Expansion Valve or Capillaries

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24
Q

Are pressure raising devices

A

Compressor

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25
- a cycle that receives heat from a colder and delivers heat to a hotter body, not in violation of the second law, but by virtue of a work input.
Reverse Cycle
26
- are cycles used to pump heat from low to high temperature religions, or cycles with the objective of extracting heat from low temp. Reservoir.
Refrigeration Cycles
27
devices that operate in a cycle and transfer heat from a low-temperature region to a high-temperature region with work input into the system.
Heat Pump and Refrigeration
28
- is a cycle with the objective of supplying heat to the high temperature reservoir.
Heat Pump -
29
- is a body with the large heat capacity such that when heat is removed or added to the reservoir, the temp of the reservoir does not change (Faires, 1987)
Thermal Reservoir
30
ASHRAE
(American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers)
31
APPLICATIONS OF AIR CONDITIONING
1. Industrial Air Conditioning 2. Residential Air Conditioning 3. Air Conditioning of Commercial Buildings 4. Air Conditioning of Vehicles
32
MAJOR PARTS OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
1. Compressor 2. Evaporator 3. Condenser 4. Expansion Valve
33
The heart of air conditioning unit
Compressor
34
This is where the refrigerant evaporates from a liquid form back into gaseous form.
Evaporator
35
This component receives gas at high pressure and high temperature from the compressor.
Condenser
36
a narrowing of the tube connected along the line between the condenser and the evaporator.
Expansion Valve
37
More commonly known as Freon is the liquid or gas which is passes through all the other components in the air conditioning system
Refrigerant
38
The AHU is used to control the following parameters:
1. Temperature 2. Humidity 3. Air Movement 4. Air Cleanliness
39
What is an AHU?
Air Handling Unit (AHU) serves a big part in the ventilation system - AHU is the heart of central conditioning.
40
Where do you find AHU?
AHU are found in medium to large commercial and industrial buildings.
41
HVAC air systems are made up of:
1. AHU – Air handling units 2. Dampers 3. Coils and valves 4. Fans 5. Distribution ducts and terminal boxes 6. Pumps and Plumbing 7. Control devices and control loops 8. Unitary equipment: fan coils, perimeter 9. radiation, unit ventilators, unit heater
42
AIR HANDLER COMPONENTS
1. Pressure Sensor 2. Temperature Sensor 3. Relative Humidity Sensor 4. Differential Pressure Sensors/ Transmitter
43
this will measure the how dirty the filters are and notify it’s time to replace the filters.
Pressure Sensor
44
used for measurement of temperature of a room, Air Duct, Hot/Cold Water, Outside air.
Temperature Sensor
45
used for measurement of Relative Humidity of room, Air Duct, Outside air.
Relative Humidity Sensor
46
- are used for measuring diff. pressure, positive pressure and vacuum.
Differential Pressure Sensors/ Transmitter
47
- Is an equipment capable of handling fluid, either moving the fluid or moved by the fluid.
Fluid Machinery
48
The device in which the kinetic, potential or intermolecular energy held by fluid is converted in the form of mechanical energy in a rotating member is known as a TURBINE.
Energy Conversion
49
Is the force of gravity in a unit volume of a substance
Specific Weight
50
- Is the mass per volume of a substance.
Density
51
- Is the volume of a unit mass of a substance or the reciprocal of density
Specific Volume
52
- Is the ratio of the specific weight of any substance to that of water or the ratio of density of any substance to that water.
Specific Gravity
53
Is a measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid; or it may be defined as the ratio of the shearing stress or force between adjacent layers of fluid to the rate of change of velocity perpendicular to the direction of motion.
Viscosity
54
- Is a dimensionless parameter used to determine the type of fluid while flowing through a pipe.
Reynolds Number
55
Types of Flow Fluid
LAMINAR FLOW Turbulent Flow Critical Flow (Transitional Flow)
56
is an equation derived from the first law of thermodynamics of steady flow open system used to determine the mass flow rate and volume flow rate of fluid.
Continuity equation
57
it is a system used to move liquid at low pressure elevation to high pressure elevation
Pump
58
TYPES OF PUMPS
Centrifugal Pump Reciprocating Pump Rotary Pump Deep-Well Pump
59
A machine for moving a liquid such as water by accelerating it radially outward in an impeller to a surrounding volute casing
Centrifugal Pump
60
- A pump in which motion and pressure are applied to the fluid by a reciprocating piston in a cylinder - Also known as piston pump
Reciprocating Pump
61
A displacement pump that delivers a steady flow by the action of two members in rotational contact
Rotary Pump
62
A multistage centrifugal pump for lifting water from deep, small diameter wells; a surface electric motor operates the shaft
Deep-Well Pump
63
- Is the height to which a column of fluid must rise to contain the same amount of energy as is contained in one unit weight or mass of fluid under the conditions being considered.
Head of Fluid
64
FORMS OF HEAD
Potential or Actual Head Kinetic or Velocity Head Pressure Head
65
Is a head based upon the elevation of the fluid above some arbitrarily chosen datum plane.
Potential or Actual Head
66
is a measure of the kinetic energy contained in a unit mass fluid due to its velocity and is given by the familiar expression for kinetic energy. - (V^2)/2g
Kinetic or Velocity Head
67
is the energy contained in the fluid as a result of its pressure and is equal to
. Pressure Head
68
an equation used to determine the head of fluid.
BERNOULLI'S EQUATION

FINALS (8 decks)

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