UTS

Question 1

an organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or supernatural,
along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices
(Haviland, 2007)

Answer 1

RELIGION

Question 2

Concern with the sacred, as distinguished form natural material matter. In contrast to religion, this is open individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization (Haviland, 2007)

Answer 2

spirituality

Question 3

A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence wherewe and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going

Answer 3

Myth

Question 4

A culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions.

Answer 4

Ritual

Question 5

Two types of rituals

Answer 5

Calendric, Crisis

Question 6

This is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies. In a lot of cultures, health, wealth and daily things are related to this

Answer 6

supernatural

Question 7

Enabling humans to explain the unexplainable

Answer 7

Cognitive Function

Question 8

Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, death and other misfortunes

Answer 8

Emotional Function

Question 9

social control, conflict resolution, and building group solidarity

Answer 9

social function

Question 10

functions of religion

Answer 10

cognitive function, emotional function, social function

Question 11

is based on the premise that the human person is motivated by a “will to meaning,” an inner pull to find a meaning in life.

Answer 11

Logotherapy

Question 12

The following list of tenets represents basic principles of logotherapy:

Answer 12

1. Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable ones.
2. Our main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life.
3. We have freedom to find meaning in what we do, and what we experience, or at least in the stand we take when faced with a situation of unchangeable suffering.

Question 13

According to Frankl, “We can discover this meaning in life in three different ways:

Answer 13

(1) by creating a work or doing a deed;
(2) by experiencing something or encountering someone; and
(3) by the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering” and that “everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances”.

Question 14

Assumptions of logotherapy

Answer 14

1. The human being is an entity consisting of body, mind, and spirit.
2. Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable.
3. People have a will to meaning.
4. People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to find meaning.
5. Life has a demand quality to which people must respond if decisions are to be meaningful.
6. The individual is unique.

Question 15

identity was created primarily as a result of pre-colonial cultures, colonial influences and foreign traders intermixing and gradually evolving together. In pre-colonial times, the Philippines was a divided set of nations, islands and tribes being ruled by their own kings, chieftains, lakans, rajahs, datus and sultans.

Answer 15

Filipino Identity

Question 16

list the 5 filipino values

Answer 16

1. faith and religiosity
2. joy and humour
3. family orientation
4. hospitality
5. ability to survive

Question 17

The Philippines is approximately 85 percent Christians (mostly Roman Catholic Christians), 10 percent Muslim, and 5 percent ‘other’ religions, including the Taoist-Buddhist religious beliefs of Chinese and the ‘indigenous’ animistic beliefs of some peoples in upland areas that resisted 300 years of Spanish colonial rule. This reflects the Filipinos’ strong faith in God as seen in their various practices.

Answer 17

Faith and religiosity

Question 18

This famous trait is the ability of Filipinos to find humour in everything. It sheds light on the optimism and positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in so as to remain determined in going through struggles or challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the same way a child who has fallen laughs at himself/herself to hide his/her embarrassment.

Answer 18

Joy and humuor

Question 19

The basic and most important unit of a Filipino’s life is the family. Unlike in Western countries, young Filipinos who turn 18 are not expected to move out of their parents’ home. When a Filipino’s parents are old and cannot take care of themselves, they are cared for in their children’s homes and are very rarely brought by their children to Homes for the Aged.

Answer 19

family orientation

Question 20

Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of Filipinos going out of their way to help them when lost, or the heartwarming generosity of a Filipino family hosting a visitor in their poverty-stricken home. Meanwhile, most foreigners who attend Filipino gatherings abroad (which are frequently organized for hundreds of reasons) testify to the warmth and friendliness of Filipinos as they experience that feeling of “belongingness.”

Answer 20

hospitality

Question 21

The Filipinos as a people who have been constantly under the rule of numerous powerful countries has over time, developed a sense of resourcefulness or the ability to survive with whatever they have. They have the extraordinary ability to make something out of almost nothing. If a Filipino was given just a screwdriver, plastic bags, and some tape, he would still be able to build a bird tree, especially for the sake of survival, and provided that he be allowed to hunt for some needed surrounding material.

Answer 21

ability to survive

Question 22

Filipino community

Answer 22

1. language and communication
2. religion and faith groups
3. food and dietary guidelines
4. family structure

Question 23

some of the notable Institutions that promote regulations and mandate to the Filipinos:

Answer 23

1. Department of Labor and Employment
2. Department of Tourism
3. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
4. Department of Trade and Industry
5. Department of Public Works and Highways

Question 24

system is the human organ system responsible for the production and fertilization of gametes (sperm or eggs) and, in females, the carrying of a fetus.

Answer 24

reproductive system

Question 25

Male and female reproductive systems have organs that produce gametes

Answer 25

gonads

Question 26

haploid cell that combines with another haploid gamete during fertilization, forming a single diploid cell called a zygote. Besides producing gametes, the gonads also produce sex hormones.

Answer 26

gamete

Question 27

are endocrine hormones that control the development of sex organs before birth, sexual maturation at puberty, and reproduction once sexual maturation has occurred.

Answer 27

sex hormones

Question 28

occurs during puberty when hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland stimulate the testes or ovaries to start producing sex hormones again.

Answer 28

maturation

Question 29

main sex hormones of women and male

Answer 29

estrogen and testosterone respectively

Question 30

is a tubular organ that contains the urethra and has the ability to stiffen during sexual arousal. Sperm passes out of the body through the urethra during a sexual climax (orgasm). This release of sperm is called ejaculation. The male reproductive system consists of several ducts and glands that are internal to the body

Answer 30

penis

Question 31

is the fluid that carries sperm through the urethra and out of the body. It contains substances that control pH and provide sperm with nutrients for energy.

Answer 31

semen

Question 32

start near the ovaries and end at the uterus = Their function is to transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. If an egg is fertilized, it usually occurs while it is traveling through a Fallopian tube.

Answer 32

two fallopian tubes

Question 33

is a pear shaped muscular organ that functions to carry a fetus until birth. It can expand greatly to accommodate a growing fetus, and its muscular walls can contract forcefully during labor to push the baby out of the uterus and into the vagina.

Answer 33

uterus

Question 34

is a tubular tract connecting the uterus to the outside of the body. The vagina is where sperm are usually deposited during sexual intercourse and ejaculation. The vagina is also called the birth canal because a baby travels through the vagina to leave the body during birth.

Answer 34

vagina

Question 35

spearheaded the study of human sexual response in the late 1960’s. Their study which was the center of controversy at that time provided scientific knowledge to the one of the world’s most tabooed topic – the human sexual response

Answer 35

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Question 36

four phases of sexual response cycle

Answer 36

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 37

General characteristics of the excitement phase, which can last from a few minutes to several hours, include the following:
● Muscle tension increases.
● Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated.
● Nipples become hardened or erect.
● Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in swelling of the woman’s clitoris and labia minora (inner lips), and erection of the man’s penis.
● Vaginal lubrication begins.
● The woman’s breasts become fuller and the vaginal walls begin to swell.
● The man’s testicles swell, his scrotum tightens, and he begins secreting a lubricating liquid.

Answer 37

excitement

Question 38

General characteristics of the plateau phase, which extends to the brink of orgasm, include the following:
● The changes begun in phase 1 are intensified.
● The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow, and the vaginal walls turn a dark purple.
● The woman’s clitoris becomes highly sensitive (may even be painful to touch) and retracts under the clitoral hood to avoid direct stimulation from the penis.
● The man’s testicles tighten.
● Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure continue to increase.
● Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and hands.

Answer 38

plateau

Question 39

climax of the sexual response cycle.
It is considered the shortest of the phases and lasts only a few seconds. Characteristics would include the following:
● Involuntary muscle contractions begin.
● Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are at their highest rates, with a rapid intake of oxygen.
● Muscles in the feet spasm.
● There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual tension.
● In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus also undergoes rhythmic contractions.
● In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis result in the ejaculation of semen.
● A rash, or “sex flush” may appear over the entire body.

Answer 39

orgasm

Question 40

The body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning. The swelled and erect body parts return to their previous size and color.
Women are capable of a rapid return to the orgasm phase with further sexual stimulation and may experience multiple orgasms Masters (1966)

Answer 40

resolution

Question 41

, people no longer consume goods and services merely for functional satisfaction

Answer 41

consumer culture

Question 42

has become increasingly more meaning-based; brands are often used as symbolic resources for the construction and maintenance of identity. Consumers use brands and products to express their identities.

Answer 42

consumption

Question 43

Impression management pressures and the desire to present an authentic sense of self through tactics such as creating a profile that reflected their “ideal self,” and attempted to establish the veracity of their identity claims.

Answer 43

Self – Presentation (Impression Management)

Question 44

states also known as SIP, is an interpersonal communication theory and media studies theory developed in 1992 by Joseph Walther.

explains online interpersonal communication without nonverbal cues and how people develop and manage relationships in a computer-mediated environment

argues that online interpersonal relationships may demonstrate the same relational dimensions and qualities as FtF relationships. These online relationships may help facilitate interactions that would not have occurred face-to-face due to factors such as geography and intergroup anxiety.

Answer 44

SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

Question 45

involves the processes by which people control how they are perceived by others. People are more motivated to control how others perceived them when they believe that their public images are relevant to the attainment of desired goals, the goals for which their impressions are relevant are valuable, and a discrepancy exists between how they want to be perceived and how other people perceive them.

Answer 45

impression management (self presentation)

Question 46

you are who you are and what you do

Answer 46

identity

Question 47

Shorthand for network etiquette, and is the set of rules that determines how to properly communicate and browse the web.
One important part of netiquette concerns your online safety. By following these basic rules and tips you will avoid most online threats such as phishing attempts, malware infections and more.

Answer 47

netiquette

Question 48

5 internet safety tipcs

Answer 48

1. Keep your software/apps updated and delete the ones you don’t use.
2. Be careful when dealing with emails from unknown sources
3. Don’t click that link or online ad
4. Just because it’s free, it doesn’t mean it’s safe