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zz - step 4 - uworld > UW15 > Flashcards

UW15 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Hyperextensible skin, easy brusing

A

Ehlers Danlos (Collagen)

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2
Q

Epidermolysis Bullosa simplex is a defect in what protein

A

Keratin

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3
Q

Conjugate vaccines

A

S.pnuemoniae, Neisseria, Hib

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4
Q

What does the tetanus toxin contain

A

inactivated tetanus TOXIN

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5
Q

What does the pertussis vaccine contain

A

purified components of Bordetella and detoxified toxin (toxoid)

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6
Q

What does the HepB vaccine contain

A

Purified inactivated HBsAg particles obtained through yeast

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7
Q

What does the varicella vaccine contain?

A

Live attenuated varicella virons

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8
Q

What does the BCG vaccine contain

A

live attenuated from M. bovis

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9
Q

What do the two polio vaccines contain

A

PO: live attenuated (Sabin). IM: inactivated virions (Salk)

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10
Q

what are the promoter regionsof eukarotic DNA

A

CAAT and TATA

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11
Q

what is associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung

A

Clubbing, Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

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12
Q

What is associated with squamous cell carcinoma

A

Hypercalcemia (PTHrP)

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13
Q

What conditions are associated with SCLC

A

Cushing Syndrome, SIADH, Lambert-Eaton

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14
Q

What conditions are associated with Large cell Carcinoma

A

Gynecomastia and Galactorrhea

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15
Q

decrease in Hypocretin is related to what disease

A

Narcolepsy

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16
Q

Increased 14-3-3 is found in what condition

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

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17
Q

what is cataplexy

A

loss of all muscle tone after emotional stimulus (laughter, crying)

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18
Q

how does hypercapnia affect cerebral vasculature

A

causes vasodilation and increases cerebral blood flow

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19
Q

Most important regulator of cerebral blood flow

A

PCO2

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20
Q

cyanotic toe discoloration, renal failure after vascular procedure

A

Atheroembolic disease of renal arteries ( cholesterol containing debris gets pushed from larger arteries and lodges in smaller vessels)

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21
Q

Cystic dilation of collecting ducts

A

ADPKD

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22
Q

why does cell swelling occur during ischemia

A

Decreased ATP leads to failure of Na/K and Ca ATPases. Leads to accumuation of Ca and Na in the cell which draws in water

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23
Q

Peptostreptococcus and fusobacterium

A

Anaerobic bacteria (normal mouth flora)

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24
Q

Risk factors for lung abscess

A

aspiration, alcoholism, drug abuse, seizure disorder, stroke, dementia

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25
ammonia toxicity
depletes glutamte and alpha ketoglutarate in ammonia detoxification ( decreases NT and increased glutamine causes astrocyte swelling)
26
what cells cannot use ketones for energy?
cells that lack mitochondria (erythrocytes) and cells that lack succinyl CoA-acetoacetate Coa Reductase (thioreductase)= hepatocytes
27
CFTR channel functions in respiratory and sweat glands
Respiratory: decreases Cl- secretion. Sweat glands: decrease NaCl absorption
28
how does polymyxin work
interfers with cytoplasmic membrane
29
Normal pressure in R atrium
Min: 0 Max: 8
30
Normal pressure in R ventricle
Min: 4 Max 25
31
Normal pressure in Pulmonary artery
Min: 9 Max: 25
32
Normal pressure in L. Atrium
Min: 2 Max 12
33
Normal pressure in L ventricle
Min: 9 Max 130
34
Normal pressure in aorta
Min 70 Max: 130
35
what do calcium oxlate crystals look like on microscopy
Folded envelopes
36
what can precipitate as calcium oxylate crystals in renal tubules
Ethylene glycol
37
Patients starting methotrexate or leflunomide should get what baseline tests
Liver function
38
Pts starting hydroxychloroquine should get what baseline tests
Opthalmologic ( retinal damage)
39
Ticlodipine
ADP antagonist (anti-platelet) causes serious neutropenia (fever and mouth ulcers)
40
Lung vasculitis, asthma, eosinophila. Necrotizing granulomas
Churg Strauss
41
Isoniazid presenting with, fever, anorexia, nausea
INH is directly hepatotoxic can lead to increased liver enzymes, jaundice
42
CEA is associated with what cancer
Colorectal cancer
43
will the Lepromin skin test be positive in Lepromatous or Tuberculoid Leprosy?
Tuberculoid (Strong Th1 response)
44
Leprosy: hairless skin plaques, decreased sensation
Tuberculoid (TH1)- limited d/t activation of macrophages
45
Leprosy: Leonine facies with degeneration of nose and digits
lepromatous (TH2)
46
why do you see increased urinary stones in Crohns?
Bile salts are loss due to decreased fat absorption. Bile acids binds Ca which usually binds to oxalate. Increased oxlate absorption leads to increased stones
47
PTT that remains unchanged when protein C is added
Factor V Leiden
48
Prolonged aPTT, venous thrombosis, fetal loss
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
49
Hyperkeratosis
increased thickness of stratum corneum (psoriasis, callus)
50
Parakeratosis
Hyperkeratosis with retained nuclei (psorisis)
51
Spongiosis
epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces (eczema)
52
Acantholysis
Separation of epidermal cells (pemphigus vulgaris)
53
Acanthosis
Epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis nigricans)
54
how does antiphospholipid antibodies alter coagulability
hypercoagulable due to activation of phospholipid dependent coagulation pathways. (can cause false positive results on RPR)
55
what type of channel is the CFTR channel
ATP Binding cassette transmemebrane ion transporter
56
What gene does the NF1 gene encode for and what is its function
Neurofibromin. Supresses Ras
57
injury to Meyer's loop results in
contralateral superior quadnrantanopia
58
Palpable but non tender gallbladder, weightloss, obstructive jaundice
Adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas
59
Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Smoking is most important risk factor. Age: 65-75, DM chronic pancreatitis
60
what can increase lithium levels
volume depletion, decompensated CHF and cirrhosis can cause increase in proximal tubular resorption of sodium and lithium
61
what drugs can increase lithium levels
ACE, NSAIDS, Thiazides
62
failure to lactate, excessive fatigue, weight loss
Sheehan syndrome (ischemic necrosis of pituitary)
63
angiokeratoma, burning neuropathic pain in extremities that can lead to renal failure
Fabry ( deficiency in a-galactosidase A) accumulates ceramide trihexoside
64
which pneumoconioses produces noncaseating granulomas
Berylliosis
65
which pneumoconioses has an increased risk for TB
Silicosis
66
which drug is most commonly associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Haloperidol
67
what drug is required to treat P. Vivax and P ovale liver schizonts
Primaquine
68
Side effect of thiazolidinediones
weight gain, edema, hepatotoxic, heart failure
69
How does renal failure affect ca levels
Decreases Ca (decreases 1hydroxylase) leading to an increase in PTH
70
Wilson's disease
Decreased Ceruloplasmin, corneal deposits, copper accumulation, Hemolytic anemia, Basal ganglia degeneration, asterixis, Dementia, Dyskinesia, Dysarthria
71
Li Fraumeni
predisposition to tumors of the breast, brain, adrenal cortex. Associated with p53
72
Cold nodule on thyroid scan with elevated calcitonin levels
Medullary thyroid cancer

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