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Flashcards in uworld incorrects 100 Deck (7)
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1
Q

when does cleft lip. and cleft palate develop pathogensis of cleft lip and palate

A

The first pharyngeal arch splits into the upper maxillary prominence and the lower mandibular prominence.
Fusion of the 2 medial nasal prominences forms the midline intermaxillary segment. The intermaxillary segment will become the philtrum of the upper lip, the 4 medial maxillary teeth, and the primary palate.
The left and right maxillary prominences then fuse with the midline intermaxillary segment to form the upper lip and primary palate. If one of the maxillary prominences fails to fuse with the intermaxillary segment, a unilateral cleft lip results. If both maxillary prominences fail to fuse with the intermaxillary segment, bilateral cleft lip results.

2
Q

holoprosencephaly causes what embryonic defect

A

failure on intermaxially segment to form, therefore midline defect mutation in sonic hedge hog gene

3
Q

maxilarry prominences give rise to

A

palantine shelves, which fuse with primary palate defect will form cleft palate

4
Q

hypoplasia of the mandibular prominence associated with

A

pierre robbinson sequence

5
Q

mechanism of cortisol activation

A

Cortisol receptor (in cytoplasm) are bound to heat shock protein > cortisol binds to knocks off heat shock protein > receptor dimerization > homodimer translocated to nucleus > alter

6
Q

explain early fasting state and late fasting state

A

early fasting glycogenslysis by epinephrine and glucagon

later we need eleaveted glucose so we need more enzymes which is caused by cortisol, and growth hormone

7
Q

will you get hiv induced nephropathy

A

focal segmenal sclerosis