Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 Journal RC > Uworld Part 3 > Flashcards

Uworld Part 3 Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what side effect of dopamine is central?

does carbidopa increase or decrease?

how to avoid?

A

anxiety and agitation is central effects.

carbidopa can increase thru increasing central availability by inhibiting peripheral conversion

decrease dose
use atypical antipsychotics like cloazpine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can carbidopa help you avoid

A

peripheral effects of dopamine

  • postural hypotension
  • hot flashes
  • tachyarrhthmias
  • Nausea and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RNA polymerase I function

A

form ribosomal components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RNA polymerase II function

A

mRNA
snRNA
micro RNAa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RNA polymerase III fxn

A

tRNA

Component of 60S ribosomal subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

selectivity for CCB

A

Verapamil most on heart

Nifedipine most on peripheral vasculature

Diltiazem in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SE of verapamil

A

constipation
gingival hyperplasia
bradycardia
first/second/third degree AV nodal block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most acid labile piconravirus

A

rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most acid stable piconravirus

A

enteroviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common species for aspiration pneumoniae

A

fusobacterium
peptostreptoccus
bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

16S rRNA fxn

A

complementary and binds to Shine Delgarno sequence in all prokarotic mRNA 10 bases upstream of AUG start.

mRNA and 30S ribosomal subunit bind, an initiator tRNA binds to AUG, the 50S ribosomal subunit joins and protein synth begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

23s rRNA

A

found in 50S, faciltates peptide bond formation in protein translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

isoniazid function

A

req. conversion to active compound by mycobacterial enzyme catalase-peroxidase

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rifampin function

A

imhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

50S antibiotics

A

chloramphenicol
clindamycin
linezolid
macrolides (erythromycin/azithromycin/clarithroycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

30S antibiotics

A

tetracycline
doxycycline
aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin and others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

beta blocker function in thyrotoxicosis

A

Block increased sensitivity to catecholamines via thyroid hormone mediated upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptor expression

Decrease peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by inhibiting iodothyronine deiodinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

G6PD genetic

A

X linked recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis genetic

A

autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vitamin D-resistant rickets genetic

A

x-linked dominant inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

oxidative phosphorylation mutations tend to be

A

mitochondrial diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

autosomal dominant diseases

A 
ADPKD
FAP
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangietasia
Heredtiary spherocytosis
Huntington disease
Marfan syndrome
MEN
Neurofibromatosis 1
Neurofibromatosis 2
Tuberous sclerosis
Von Hippel Lindau disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

autosomal recessive diseases

A 
Albinism
ARPKD
Cystic fibrosis
Glycogen storage diseases
hemochromatosis
Kartagener syndrome
Mucopolysaccharidoses (except hunter syndrome)
Phenylketouria
Sickle cell anemia
Sphingolipidoses (except Fabry disease)
Thalessemias
Wilson disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

xlinked recessive disorders

A

Be Wise, Fool’s GOLD Heeds Silly HOpe

Bruton agammaglobulinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Fabry disease
G6PD deficiency
Ocular albinism
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Duchenne (and Becker) muscular dystrophy
Hunter Syndrome
Hemophilia A and B
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases and the trinucleotide repeats are
Huntington disease (CAG) Myotonic dystrophy (CTG) Friedreich ataxia (GAA) Fragile X syndrome (CGG)
26
where does digestion of triglycerides occur
duodenum
27
where does absorption of triglycerides occur
jejunum
28
hemosiderin laden macrophages in pulmonary alveoli indicates
chronic elevation of pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressures which is usually the result of left sided heart failure.
29
how to differentiate b/w lipofuscin or hemosiderin
prussian blue stain, detects intracellular iron, colorless potassium ferrocyanide converted by iron to blue black ferric ferrocyanide.
30
left ventricular leads in biventricular pacemakers courses through
coronary sinus residing in the atrioventricular groove on the posterior aspect of the heart.
31
vitiligo is caused by
loss of epidermal melanocytes
32
characteristic abnormality in huntingtons
bilateral atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen (striatum)
33
characteristic abnormality in parkinsons
decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra and striatum
34
what causes green sputum
myeloperoxidase, blue green heme based pigmented molecule in azurophilic granules of neutrophils that catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid from chloride and hydrogen peroxide during phagocytic respiratory burst
35
Polyarteritis nodosa affects what arteries
affects medium to small arteries in any organ. Kidneys, heart, liver, GI tract. SPARES PULMONARY ARTERIES and rarely involves bronchial arteries.
36
how does PAN affect the arteries
transmural inflammation of the arterial wall w/ fibrinoid necrosis
37
mechanism of korsakoff
dmg to the anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei resulting in memory loss and confabulation. IMPAIRMENT IN MEMORY AND LEARNING IS USUALLY PERMANENT
38
rapid correction of hypernatremia results in
cerebral edema
39
rapid correction of hyponatremia results in Mechanism presents
Central pontine myelinolysis Mech: osmotic demyelination syndrome of the axons in the central part of the pons. demyelination of corticospinal tracts and corticobulbar tracts of CN IX, X, XI (Pseudobulbar b/c nuclei of CN intact). presents as spastic quadriplegia and pseudobulbar palsy
40
what factors does H. influenzae require
X factor (exogenous hematin) V factor (NAD+)
41
blocking alpha2 adrenergic receptors results in
release of norepinephrine from nerve endings insulin from pancreas
42
D1 adrenergic (dopaminergic) receptors are located where and cause what
located in walls of renal, splanchnic, mesenteric blood vessels Vasodilatation and increase in renal and splanchnic blood flow
43
silicosis distinguished by
eggshell calcification of hilar nodes birefringent silica particles surrounded by fibrous tissue
44
asbestosis distinguished by
``` calcified pleural plaques ferruginous bodies (fusiform or beaded rods w/ a translucent asbestos center and coated w/ an iron containing proteinaceous material best seen w/ prussian blue staining) ```
45
berylliosis and hypersensitivity may produce
noncaseating granulomas
46
coal miners lung assoc w
perilymphatic accumulations of coal dust laden macrophages
47
aortic arch baroreceptor transmits via... to... to what does it respond
vagus nerve to solitary nucleus of medulla. only responds to increase
48
Carotid sinus baroreceptor transmits via... to... to what does it respond
glossopharyngeal nerve (Hering branch) to solitary nucleus of medulla responds to increase or decrease
49
distinguish bullous pemphigoid from pemphigus vulgaris
bullous pemphigoidhave intact bullae (negative nikolsky sign) and mucosal involvement is uncommon
50
CNS fried egg tumor cell appearance (nuclei w finely granular chromatin surrounded by clear cytoplasm)
oligodendroglioma
51
presentation of meningiomas mechanism
personality change New onset seizures (from frontal lobe compression)
52
culture negative endocarditis causes
``` Bartonella Coxiella Mycoplasma Histoplasma Chlamydia HACEK -Haemophilus -Actinobacillus -Cardiobacterium -Eikenella -Kingella ```
53
vitamin E deficiency results in what what condition does it mimic? How do they both present?
degneration of spinocerebellar tracts, dorsal column of the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves mimics Friedrich ataxia Ataxia Dysarthria Loss of both position and vibration sensation
54
Lead intoxication presentation
irritability loss of devo milestones/learning problems GI issues
55
Thiamine deficiency has what triad
ataxia confusion ophthalmoplegia
56
Creutzfeldt jacob disease presents how
rapidly progressive dementia and myoclonic jerks of the extremities
57
Acute intermittent porphyria presents how
acute abd pain peripheral neuropathy hyponatremia
58
what atypical antipsychotic most likely to cause EPS?
Risperidone
59
What atypical antipsychotic least likely to cause EPS?
Clozapine (but watch out for agranulocytosis)
60
treatment of acute dystonia
antihistamines (diphenhydramine) | Anticholinergics (benztropine/Trihexyphenidyl)
61
treatment of parkinsonism
anticholinergic (benztropine)
62
presence of erythroid precursors in organs like liver and spleen is indicative of.. what causes it
extramedullary hematopoiesis caused by severe chronic hemolytic anemias (beta thalessemia for example)
63
visual impairment in HIV patient is caused by
secondary to CMV induced retinitis
64
treatment for CMV induced retinitis
ganciclovir foscarnet cidofovir
65
SE of foscarnet why does this happen?
hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, both of which promote seizures. mech: calcium chelator, renal wasting of magnesium induced, reduction in release of parathyroid hormone
66
lamivudine SE
peripheral neuropathy lactic acidosis (this is unusual compared to other NRTIs)
67
B6 involved in
transamination and decarboxylation steps in amino acid metabolism heme (ALAS) and neurotransmitter synthesis (L-DOPA to Dopamine)
68
what uses TLCFN
branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
69
acute irrev injury to neuron results in a what? what signs?
``` Red neuron 12-24 hr after -shrinkage of cell body -eosinophilia of the cytoplasm -pyknosis of the nucleus -loss of Nissl substance ```
70
important prognostic factor in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
AGE 95% of affected children recover completely 60% of adults recover completely
71
psoriasis is characterized by
``` hyperparakeratosis acanthosis rete ridge elongation mitotic activity above the epidermal basal cell layer reduced or absent stratum granulosum ``` neutrophils may form spongiotic clusters in the superficial dermis and the parakeratotic stratum corneum (Munro microabcesses)
72
diabetic mononeuropathy presents how?
predominantly central ischemia affecting somatic nerve fibers but sparing peripheral parasympathetic fibers ptosis down and out gaze normal light and accommodation reflexes
73
granulation tissue is comprised of what type of collagen
Type III collagen. this is replaced eventually by type 1 as the infarct matures.
74
what benzodiazepines are not metabolized by liver
LOT Lorazepam Oxazepam Temazepam
75
confidence intervals z values
90%=1.645 95%=1.96 99%=2.57
76
speed of transmission in the heart
park at ventura avenue purkinje atrial ventricle av node
77
where do dna viruses replicate
all in nucleus except poxvirus
78
where do rna viruses replicate
all in cytoplasm except - influenzae - retrovirus
79
segmented viruses
BOAR bunyavirus orthomyxovirus (influenza) arenavirus reovirus

Step 1 Journal RC (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions