V L3: DNA and Biological processing Flashcards
What is DNA replication?
semi-conservative
what forms a short RNA primer?
Specialised RNA polymerase known as primase
what is used to synthesis DNA?
DNA is synthesised using deoxynucleoside 5’-triphoshates (dNTPs).
what direction is DNA synthesised in ?
5’ — 3’
what is the replication fork?
region where the synthesis occurs
what are the 2 strands of DNA?
Leading and Landing
what is a mutation in DNA?
Mistakes occasionally occur during DNA replication
can you inherit a mutation in DNA?
Can only inherit a mutation if they are present in germ-line cells
what’s a germ line cell?
precursor cell that gives rise to gametes
whats a point mutation?
A alteration within a gene which involves a single base change
whats a silent point mutation?
same amino acid
whats a Missense mutation ?
changes one of the RNA codon sequences made during transcription. This different codon will then cause a different amino acid to be inserted into a protein during translation.
whats a Nonsense mutation ?
stops codon
whats a frame shift mutation?
altered reading frame
what used as genetic markers in forensic science?
In Forensic science we use these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers
what happens in s phase?
DNA replicates
what happens in G2 phase?
the cell undergoes cell division;
what happens in prophase?
condensed sister chromatids, forming of mitotic spindle.
what happen sin metaphase?
Nuclear envelope broken down. Alignment of chromosomes on equator of the spindle.
what happens in anaphase?
Separation of chromatids forming daughter chromosomes.
what happens in telophase?
Daughter chromosomes arrive at poles, nuclear envelope reassembles around each set of daughter chromosomes.
what happens in cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divided into 2, producing 2 daughter cells
what is meiosis?
Specialised nuclear division producing haploid cells
meiosis is the production of?
gametes