V&O V Flashcards
permanecer (ortografia)
remain (formal)
- He remained silent.
- It remains a secret.
- The bank will remain open while renovations are carried out.
- The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
chutar=chute (ortografia)
kick
- They must be kicking themselves for selling their shares too early. ( very annoyed with yourself)
possuir (ortografia) (2) (q não “have”)
>possess >own - I don't possess a single DVD - Ruth possessed great writing skills. - We own our house. - I've never owned a suit in my life.
receber (ortografia)
receive ( com “ei”, como “deceive” e DIFERENTEMENTE DE “believe”)
- They received a visit from the police.
erro, culpa (ortografia)
- It’s not my [] she didn’t come! (sem “that”!)
- She believes it was the doctor’s [] that Peter died.
fault
- It’s not my fault she didn’t come! (sem “that”!)
- She believes it was the doctor’s fault that Peter died.
dica = gorjeta (ortografia)
tip (tem vários outros significados tbm)
- She gave me a useful tip about/for growing tomatoes.
- He gave the porter a tip. (porteiro)
brilhante (extremely intelligent or skilled) (ortografia)
brilliant (2 Ls) (=francês!(masc)
superlativo de mighty
mightiest
- this family was among the mightiest in the kingdom. (superlativo Ñ é flexionado)
fronteira - b…. (ortografia)
boundary/boundaries (VC ERRA ISSO O TEMPO TODO)
- Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias. (blur, aqui, borrar)
- Residents are opposed to the prison being built within the city boundary.
aceitação (ortografia)
acceptance
- The idea rapidly gained acceptance (= became approved of) in political circles
- Her acceptance of the award was very controversial (com “i”).
deliberado
- a [] attack/insult/lie
- We made a [] decision to live apart for a while.
- Some women make a [] choice to rear a child alone. ( rear - criar uma criança)
- I don’t think his name was left off the list by accident - I think it was [].
deliberate (SEM “ed”! Adjective=Verb!)
(advérbio: deliberately!)
(Como “elaborate”)
(intended NÃO existe c esse sentido)
- a deliberate attack/insult/lie
- We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.
- Some women make a deliberate choice to rear a child alone. ( rear - criar uma criança)
- I don’t think his name was left off the list by accident - I think it was deliberate.
força, poder
might
- She struggled with all her might to get free.
- Pizarro defeated the might of the Inca Empire with only a few hundred men.
alegadamente (ortografia)
allegedly (2 Ls)
( eles tbm usam meio ~teoricamente~)
- That’s where he allegedly killed his wife.
- It’s a collection of recipes which allegedly can be prepared in 30 minutes.
- I’m allegedly learning French, but it’s going slowly.
ameaça (ortografia)
threat (não é bom usar menace)
- The threat of jail failed to deter him from petty crime. (petty - de pqn importância, trivial)
- Drunken drivers >pose< a serious threat to other road users.
- He says he’ll tell the authorities but it’s just an empty threat (= it will not happen).
- Nuclear weaPons pose a threat to everyone.
exagerar (ortografia)
exaggerate (2 Gs)
- The threat of attack has been greatly exaggerated.
- Don’t exaggerate - it wasn’t that expensive.
> comprometer-se com/a
cometer (algo ruim)
mandar p (prisão ou hosptial)
- The government must [] itself to(!) improving healthcare.
- Once we have [] to(!) this course of action there is no going back.
- Carefully check out arrangements before [] yourself.
- to [] adultery/murder
- [] suicide
- He’s been [] to prison for fraud.
commit (committed/ing (2 Ms e 2 Ts!)
> comprometer-se com/a -> com ~oneself~ depois
- The government must commit itself to(!) improvING healthcare.
- Once we have committed to(!) this course of action there is no going back. (sem reflexivo depois)
- He committed himself to helpING the poor.
- Carefully check out arrangements before committing yourself.
- to commit adultery/murder
- commit suicide
- He’s been committed to prison for fraud.
> to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something; tbm lutar > o noun relativo a isso ( [] [prep] verb) ( [] [prep] noun) ( [] [prep] someone)
struggle
(struggle to verb)
(struggle for noun)
(struggle with/against someone)
- [ + to infinitive ] The dog had been struggling to(!) get free of the wire noose.
(noose, aqui, é laço)
- I’ve been struggling to(!) understand this article all afternoon.
- Fish struggle for(!) survival when the water level drops in the lake. (fish - sing=plu)
- By this time he’d managed to struggle out of bed. ( com along, through, out, etc. é mover-se com gd esforço)
- He struggled with(!) his attacker who then ran away. (lutou) (run ran run)
- For years she struggled with/against the establishment to get her theories accepted. (aqui, C2)
- It was a terrible struggle for him to accept her death.
- She never gave up the struggle to have her son freed from prison.
tornar mais apertado (ortografia) t…
tighten
- Security was tightened at US embassies around the world.
- The government moved to tighten the rules on toxic substances in the air.
- The government plans to tighten credit and slow the growth of the money supply.
- You’ve got to tighten the laces of your ice skates.
“sul” e adjetivo
south (tbm é adj e adv)
- The points of the compass are north, south, east, and west.
- We drove south.
- They drove south towards the coast.
- The Mississippi river flows south.
- He travelled due (= directly) south, towards the desert.
(mas: a southerly direction)
sudeste
southeast
eles tbm funcionam como adjetivo e advérbio
- They were moving southeast. (advérbio)
por meio de
by means of
- She tried to explain by means of sign language.
> obs.: “mean” sem S é ~meio termo~ e é formal!: We need to find a mean between test questions that are too difficult and those that are too easy.
largo (2)
> broad
wide
- the magazine covers a broad range of subjects, from sewing to psychology.(y e ch!)
- My brother is very broad-shouldered.
- His eyes were wide with surprise.
- The rectangle is 5 cm long and 1.9 cm wide.
parlamento (ortografia)
parliament
> beligerante (1) - wishing to fight or argue OR fighting a war
> belicoso (1) - wishing to fight or start a war
> belligerent (com 2Ls e E!)
bellicose (2Ls)
- a belligerent person
- a belligerent gesture
- The belligerent countries are having difficulties funding the war. (countries fighting a war)
- The general made some bellicose statements about his country’s military strength. (wishing to fight or start a war)
(como “belly” (barriga))
sentar X assento
sit X seat
- Please have/take a seat (= sit down).
- I’m going to be sitting on the committee for one more year. (aqui, be a member)
- He came and sat (down) next to me.
- The child’s father sat her (down) on a chair.
- The encyclopedia sits on my shelf at home, gathering dust.
preocupação=preocupar-se (ortografia)
don’t [], be happy
worry
- She’s worried (that) she might not be able to find another job.
superlativo X comparativo de “bad”
O pior
worst - ~O~ pior
worse - pior
- That was the worst meal I’ve ever eaten.
- “It was the worst moment of my life,” she admitted.
- He is my worst enemy.
- The conditions they’re living in are worse than we thought.
- If the rain gets any worse we’ll have to go back.
- His manners are even worse than his sister’s.
- The heat is much worse in the daytime.
renunciar (sem ser step down) + renúncia
- He [] from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
- She [] as(!) director.
- She [] the directorship.
- There have been calls for his [].
- I handed in/gave in/sent in my [] this morning.
> resign
resignation (com A, como… nation)
- He resigned(!) from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
- She resigned as(!) director.
- She resigned >the directorship.<
- There have been calls for his resignation.
- I handed in/gave in/sent in my resignation this morning.
cronograma = agendar, marcar = an official list of things
schedule
- Everything went according to schedule [s/ artigo!]
- We are already two months behind schedule. [s/ artigo!]
- The meeting has been scheduled for(!) tomorrow afternoon.
- The flight is scheduled to arrive at 8.45, but it’s running 20 minutes late.
- a schedule of business expenses (an official list of)
talvez, possivelmente p… (ortografia) (não é maybe)
- [] the most important question has not been asked.
perhaps
- Perhaps the most important question has not been asked.
implorar
beg (1g no infinitivo)
- They begged for mercy.
- They became increasingly visible in society and begging became a profession.
beggar - pedinte
negligenciar
neglect
- The government is neglecting its duty to protect the vulnerable.
organização
organiZation (fr: organisation)
- the World Health Organization
desenvolver (ortografia)
develop
- The fear is that these minor clashes may develop into(!) all-out confrontation. (all-out - complete and with as much effort as possible)
- Over time, their acquaintance developed into(!) a lasting friendship.
- We have to develop a new policy/strategy to deal with the problem.
- Large cracks began to develop in the wall. (rachadura, rachar) (C2)
- the developing world/countries/nations
(fr: développer)
viabilidade ( sem ser viability)
feasibility
- We’re looking at the feasibility of(!) building a shopping centre there.
individualmente
individually
- The children will first sing individually and then as a group.
- The literature offers us a way to understand how people, both individually and coLLectively, respond to policy changes when they are involved in long-term relationships.
> dinâmica (noun)
>dinâmico
> noun - dynamics (em geral, c “s” no final msm no sing!)
adj - dynamic (sem “s”)
- The fight for the leadership gave a fascinating insight into(!) >the< group’s dynamics.
- …is likely to influence >the dynamics< and energetics of permeation.
- We need a dynamic expansion of trade with other countries.
ceder (mais simples que yield ou relinquish)
cede
- Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the [1ª] Opium War.
- New Orleans was ceded to Spain in 1763.
- She says that she is finally learning to delegate, though she’s still reluctant(!) to cede control.
certo e errado
right and wrong
- You got three answers right and two wrong.
suficiente (2)
> sufficient (2Fs)
enough
- This recipe should be sufficient for five people.
- Will a loan of $500 be sufficient?
- Is there enough deSSert/Are there enough desserts for everyone?
vingança (2)
revenge (com E!) (noun=verb)
- She took/got/exacted (her) revenge on him for leaving her by smashing up his car. (exact - to demand and get something, sometimes using force or threats)
- He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in revenge for the shootings last week.
- to revenge a death/defeat/injustice
vengEAnce (noun, apenas)
- On the day after the terrorist attack, the overall mood in the town was one of vengeance.
- As he cradled his daughter’s lifeless body in his arms, he swore (to take) vengeance on her killers. (craDle - to hold something or someone gently, especially by supporting with the arms e “berço” e “andaime”; swear swore sworn)
- However, when the economic situation began to deteriorate again in the early 1950s, old problems re-emerged with a vengeance.
tirano
tyrant
- Tamir, one of several sons of the exiled ruler, vowed he would liberate his country from the tyrant.
opressor; opor; oportunidade; oponente; opinião (ortografias)
oppressor; oppose; opportunity; opponent
oPinion
- The proposed new testing system has been vigorously opposed by teachers. (MAAAAS PROPOSE c/ 1P só)
- Most of the local residents opposed the closing of the school. (sem preposição!)
- [ + -ing verb ] I would certainly oppose changing the system. (sem preposição!)
- The military has opposed any cuts in deFence spending. (sem preposição!)
- Sisters, we must rise up and defeat our oppressors.
- a political opponent
> to move or climb quickly but with difficulty, often using your hands to help you (verb e noun)
to compete with other people for something there is very little of (verb e noun)
~embaralhar~, misturar
- She [] up the steep hillside and over the rocks.
- He [] into his clothes (= put them on quickly) and raced to get help.
- As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers [] for the door (= tried to reach the door quickly).
- As soon as the plane landed there was a mad/wild [] to get out.
- [ + to infinitive ] People are [] to buy property before prices rise even further
- He had a habit of [] his words when excited.
- After the death of the dictator there was an unseemly [] for power among the generals. (unseemly - indecorosa)
scramble
- She scrambled up the steep hillside and over the rocks. (~escalou/subiu~) (hillside = encosta)
- He scrambled into his clothes (= put them on quickly) and raced to get help.
- As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers scrambled for the door (= tried to reach the door quickly).
- [ + to infinitive ] People are scrambling to buy property before prices rise even further
- He had a habit of scrambling his words when excited.
- As soon as the plane landed there was a mad/wild scramble to get out.
- After the death of the dictator there was an unseemly scramble for power among the generals. (unseemly - indecorosa)
- scrambled eggs - ovos mexidos
an official agreement that finishes an argument
settlement (2 Ts!!)
(tbm é assentamento!!)
(settle - arranjar, entrar em acordo)
- The actor accepted a settlement of(!) $100,000 from the magazine.
- It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful settlement of the conflict.
- As part of their divorce settlement, Jeff agreed to let Polly keep the house.
- They reached an out-of-court settlement.
- A large Roman settlement has been discovered just outside the French town.
- Many Native Americans were killed during the settlement of the American West by EuroPeans in the 19th century.
centenário
centenary (com A!)
- Next year is the centenary of her death.
> real, satisfactory, suitable, or correct
showing standards of behaviour that are socially and morally acceptable
-This is Sara’s first [] job - she usually does temporary work just for the money.
- If you’re going to walk long distances you need [] walking boots.
- I would have done the job myself but I didn’t have the [] equipment. (adequado)
- I’ve had sandwiches but I haven’t eaten a [] meal.
- She likes everything to be in its [] place.
- [ + to infinitive ] In those days it was considered not quite [] for young ladies to be seen talking to men in public.
- She was very [], my grandmother - she’d never go out without wearing her hat and gloves.
proper (1 P só!)
- This is Sara’s first proper job - she usually does temporary work just for the money.
- If you’re going to walk long distances you need proper walking boots.
- I would have done the job myself but I didn’t have the proper equipment. (adequado)
- I’ve had sandwiches but I haven’t eaten a proper meal. (refeição adequada)
- She likes everything to be in its proper place.
- [ + to infinitive ] In those days it was considered not quite proper for young ladies to be seen talking to men in public.
- She was very proper, my grandmother - she’d never go out without wearing her hat and gloves.
imenso (ortografia)
immense
- immense wealth/value
- They spent an immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.
> secretário-geral
> diretor-geral
> secretary(-)general (dicionários divergem qnt ao hífen)
director general
- My moral duty as Secretary General of the United Nations is to do everything possible to avoid war. (atenção p a letra maiúscula)
- Applications for observer status are made to the secretary general of the review conference.
superficial
superficial
(igual à em pt, como “super” tbm é)
- I only have a superficial (= slight) knowledge of French.
- He’s fun to be with, but he’s very superficial.
> 75
33
13
126
>seventy-five >thirty-three >thirteen (a parte de 0 a 99 tem hífen ) ex: one hundred and twenty-six
automaticamente (ortografia)
automatically
in order ( [prep] agente ) [prep] ação, ….
- In order [] us [] win, we’ll all have to try a little harder.
- In order [] our values [] prevail, democracies have to stay united in this dangerous world.
- He came home early in order [] see the kids before they went to bed.
- I agreed to her suggestion in order not [] upset her.
> in order (FOR [agente]) TO [ação]
- In order for(!) us to(!) win, we’ll all have to try a little harder.
- In order for(!) our values to(!) prevail, democracies have to stay united in this dangerous world.
- He came home early in order to(!) see the kids before they went to bed.
- I agreed to(!) her suggestion in order not to upset her. (“not” vem antes)
superior
suPerior (=) (1P só!!)
(como super e superficial)
(apesar de support, supply, supplement, suppression, suppose etc)
- The government troops were superior in(!) numbers (= there were more of them).
- Although badly out-numbered by the enemy, we had vastly superior firepower.
- For babies, breastfeeding is superior to(!) bottle-feeding.
- She thinks she’s morally superior to(!) the rest of us.
- This is clearly the work of a superior artist.
- She was chosen for the job because she was the superior candidate.
manter, sustentar
maintain
- We have standards to maintain.
- A large house costs a lot to maintain.
- They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children.
iniciativa
initiative (com t!!!)
como “initiate” (formal)
> a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem
- The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.
- The UN called on all parties in the conflict to take a positive stance towards the new peace initiative. (stance= posição,postura)
- Joe Walker will be spearheading our new marketing initiative. ( spearhead = comandar)
sentido mais pt:
- Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.
necessário e necessariamente (ortografia)
necessary; necessarily
cuidado!: fr: nécessaire, com “i”!
cidadão
citizen
- The interests of British citizens living abroad are protected by the British Embassy.
- He applied to become an American citizen.
cenário (2) > simulação teórica de uma ocorrência potencial futura (NÃO para conjuntura) X > p teatro e paisagem
> scenario (p coisas que podem acontecer NO FUTURO)
- There are several possible scenarios.
- a horrific/nightmare scenario such as a Third World War
- The most likely scenario is that house prices rise again, forcing interest rates up.
- The worst scenario is that we lose two or three thousand pounds.
- There are several possible scenarios.
- Imagine the scenario - David turns up and we’re all there, waiting for him.
> scenery, p teatro e paisagem
- We stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery. (the landscape)
- Be the play comedy or tragedy, in verse or prose, be the scenery elaborate or minimalist, the stage was unchanged. (qqr. subjuntivo em pt -> ~infinitivo em ing.~ (=”sujunctive” (mt formal))
sutil (ortografia)
subtle
- There is a subtle difference between these two plans.
- The room was painted a subtle shade of pink.
- I could detect subtle variances in fragrance as we strolled through the garden. (stroll - walk in a leisurely way)
lazer
leisure (COM E; Ñ CONFUNDIR COM EM PT)
- Most people only have a limited amount of leisure time.
- We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on the lawn. (in a relaxed way, without hurrying (o dicionário preferiu hurrying a haste))
tornar possível, capaz
enable
- Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half.
- Parents must always ask themselves if they are enabling their child’s drug use.
- Recent technology has enabled the development of cheaper digital radios.
tratado
treaty
- a peace treaty
- the treaty on European union
- [ + to infinitive ] We’ve signed/concluded a treaty with neighbouring states to limit eMissions of harmful gases.
- Under the treaty (= according to the agreement), inspections are required to see if any country is secretly developing nuclear arms.
[preposition] the center
AT the center
- The Tabard, set at the centre of the development, forms part of the..
- A smooth green carpet lay at its centre.
(lie - past tense: lay; past participle: lain)
- …Tuscany is right at the centre of it.
abordagem/abordar
approach (2Ps)
- We could just see the train approaching in the distance.
- I’m not sure how to approach the problem.
- She’s been approached by a modelling agency.
cuidadoso
careful (1 L só!… como qqr “-ful”)
to do what has just been mentioned
- In 1998 the government promised to reform the law, but it has not yet [].
- Parents must take responsibility for their children. Failure to [] could mean a fine or a jail sentence.
do so (C1)
- In 1998 the government promised to reform the law, but it has not yet done so.
- Parents must take responsibility for their children. Failure to do so could mean a fine or a jail sentence.
to cause someone to do something, especially something bad, além de “liderar”
lead - (passados: led)
- He was a weak man, led astray by ambition.
(astray - away from the correct path etc (mas stray é extraviado etc.)
- [ + to infinitive ] The brochure led me to believe that the price included home delivery.
(brochure - folheto, panfleto)
- It’s worrying that such a prominent politician is so easily led.
- I think we’ve chosen the right person to lead the expedition.
levantar alguma coisa, tbm figurativamente
- Would all those in favour please [] their hands?
- The government plan to [] taxes.
raise
- She raised her gun, took aim and fired.
- Would all those in favour please raise their hands?
- The government plan to raise taxes.
- They would soon raise an outcry and put pressure on the government to withdraw its decision. (outcry - a strong expression of public anger and disapproval)
suscetível (ortografia)
susceptible
- These plants are particularly susceptible to frost. (frost - geada)
- Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.
ocupando e ocupou (ortografia)
occupying; occupied
feriado (ortografia)
holiday
historiador (ortografia)
historian
justificar (ortografia)
justify
- [ + -ing verb ] I can’t really justify taking another day off work.
- Are you sure that these measures are justified?
- It was the only thing that I could do - I don’t have to justify myself to anyone.
restringir + restrito + restritivo
restrict + adj: restrictED; restrictive
- measures to restrict the sale of alcohol
- They restrict these payments to employees who have been with the firm for more than a year.
- The government has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country.
- Having small children really restricts your social life.
- Many events are free, so families on restricted(!) budgets can participate.
- Building in this area of town is restricted.
- Membership is restricted to(!) (= it is only for) chief executive officers.
- She campaigned against restrictive immigration laws.
pagamento
payment (com Y!)
- When is the first payment due?
> expected to happen, arrive, etc. at a particular time
in [] course - at a suitable time in the future (formal) (no devido tempo)
+ to - because of
owed as a debt or as a right (devido)
in a direction that is straight towards the north, south, east, or west
due
- What time is the next bus due?
- The next meeting is due to be held in three months’ time.
- Their first baby is due in January.
- You will receive notification of the results in due course.
- A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
- Our thanks are due to everyone.
- [UK law] He was found to have been driving without due (= the necessary) care and attention.
- From here, you go due east until you get to the Interstate.
(obs.: overdue - vencido, atrasado (de uma dívida))
dever (algo a alguém)
- I [] you a drink for helping me move.
- I think you [] (= should give) me an explanation/aPology.
- I [] my success to my education.
- He [] his life to the staff at the hospital.
- I [] everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.
owe (someone something or something to(!) someone
(Ñ confundir com
own - possuir; próprio
our - nosso)
- we owe our son a TV of his own
- I owe you a drink for helping me move.
- I think you owe (= should give) me an explanation/aPology.
- I owe my success to my education.
- He owes his life to the staff at the hospital.
- I owe everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.
conter
contain
- She could no longer contain her anger and started yelling at him.
- Medical teams were scrambling to(!) contain the illness that has already killed thousands in Latin America.
(scrambling, aqui, ~lutando~)
expandir
expand
- expand economic and political might
monitorar
monitor
- The new findings suggest that women ought to monitor their cholesterol levels. (ought to - devem)
- oversee é “vigiar”
atributo/atribuir
attribute
- Self-confidence is a rare attribute in(!) a 17-year-old. (hyfens!)
- A key attribute of(!) the new service will be flexibility.
- Organizational ability is an essential attribute for(!) a good manager.
- She has the physical attributes to become a championship swimmer.
essencial
essential (com T)
típico
typical
- I must look like the typical tourist with my shorts and my camera.
- Typical symptoms would include severe headaches, vomiting and dizziness.
habilidade
ability (1L só e sem H!!)
roubar X aço X ainda
> roubar - steal > aço - steel > ainda - still - She admitted stealing the money from her employers. - a steel helmet - I'm still hungry.
sobrersair(-se) + excelente
excel (1L!) ; excellent
- Rebecca always excelled in languages at(!) school. (2Ls qnd conjugado)
recomendar
recommend (2 Ms) (as in comment, commit etc)
- She has been recommended for promotion
telhado (2) (ortografias)
> ceiling
roof
……-rooftop(s) - (geralmente no plural) the outside surface of the roof of a building
- I got a crick in(!) my neck from painting the ceiling.
…..- crick - cãibra - The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area. (slate - ardósia)
- a magnificent view of the rooftops
- Police marksmen with riFles were stationed on the rooftops. (marksman - ~atirador de elite~)
(stationed - estacionado, posicionado)
confortável
coMfortable (com M!)
- a comfortable bed/sofa
rebanho; ~manada~ (2)
> flock (com CK)
herd
- a flock of sheep/goats/geese (plural de goose)
- a flock of ducks
- a flock of reporters (NÃO parece ser pejorativo)(bando, p/ o google)
- A noisy flock of tourists came into the building.
- Tourists flock to the village.
- The shepherd is bringing his flock down from the hills.
- a herd of cattle/elephants/goats
- Poor Janine - she just follows the herd (= does what all the other people are doing).
- Hundreds of people flocked to the football match.
- Crowds of people flocked to see the Picasso exhibition. (aglomeraram-se p/ o google)
- An old woman was herding the goats. (pastorear)
- The teachers herded the children into buses. (conduzir)
claro!, naturalmente!, com certeza
of course (informal) (separado)
possível
possible
to hit repeatedly + particípio
(michael jackson: “[] it! [] it!”)
e.o.
beat
(beat - beat - beaten=beat)
- Holland beat Belgium (by) 3–1.
- Simon always beats me at tennis.
- She has beaten her own record of three minutes ten seconds. (sem and!)
- The rain was beating down incessantly on the tin roof. (tin = lata/zinco)
- They saw him beating his dog with a stick.
- The child had been brutally/savagely beaten.
- Beat the drum.
humilhar
humiliate
generoso
generous
fundamental (ortografia)
- Some understanding of grammar is [fundamental] [preposição] learning a language.
fundamental (igual!)
- Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to(!) learning a language.
- We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
- It’s one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
- The school is based on the fundamental principle that all children should reach their full potential.
- Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies
inversão (ortografia)
inversion
vista (paisagem) = ver(ter uma opinião sobre) (ortografia)
- The rooftop restaurant affords a panoramic [] (= allows you to see a wide area) across the bay.
(rooftop - cobertura; terraço)
-A reporter asked the minister how he [] recent events.
- She is [] as a strong candidate for the job.
- We [] these latest developments with concern/suspicion/satisfaction.
- If we view the problem from a different angle, a solution may become more obvious
view
- The rooftop restaurant affords a panoramic view (= allows you to see a wide area) across the bay.
(rooftop - cobertura; terraço)
-A reporter asked the minister how he viewed recent events.
- She is viewed as a strong candidate for the job.
- We view these latest developments with concern/suspicion/satisfaction.
- If we view the problem from a different angle, a solution may become more obvious
ângulo (ortografia)
angle
enquanto = ~período~ (ortografia)
- I only stayed for a short [].
- [] I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects, I do actually like the man.
while
- I only stayed for a short while.
- While I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects, I do actually like the man.
> irritante
+ (ortografia)
(uma )irritação
> annoying (2 Ns)
annoyance (com Y ainda!)
……- nuisance tbm serviria
to depend on or trust someone or something (phrasal verb)
- You can’t [][] good weather for the whole trip.
- The system [] too heavily [] one person.
rely on/upon (phrasal verb)
- You can’t rely on good weather for the whole trip.
- The system relies too heavily on one person.
mais fácil (ortografia)
easier
pegar, agarrar (um resfriado, um voo) e passados (ortografia)
catch (passados: caught)
- I managed to catch the glass before it hit the ground.
- He caught hold of my arm
- to catch/get/have (the) flu
- Great pressure was put on the police to catch the terrorists as soon as possible.
adjetivos dos pontos cardeais (além deles mesmos)
> + ERN - the Northern Hemisphere - the Southern Hemisphere - The eastern part of the country is very *mountainous.* - California and other western states - western Europe ( Além de >North< America)
lie X lay
> Lie - deitar, repousar [SEM objeto]
……past: lay; participle: lain
…………(p ‘mentir’, ambos “lied”)
……(lying smp)
> Lay - colocar (in especially a flat or horizontal position) - carefully or for a particular purpose [COM objeto]
(passados: laid)
- We all lay down on the floor. (passado de lie)
- Why don’t you lie down on(!) the sofa for a while?
- to lie on your side
- He lies awake at night, worrying.
- The team is lying third in the league.
- The town lay in ruins. (passado de lie)
- Where does the blame lie?
- She laid the baby on(!) the bed. (passado de lay)
- Thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and lay their eggs in the sand.
- The plan is to lay (= build) the foundations for the new apartments in October.
- laid the foundation
- … was laying the foundations of drama training in England…
- … which had laid the foundation for Nonconformist power…
- …denunciations of the Pahlavi dynasty that laid the foundations of his revolution.
- Further, in developing this approach Merton laid the ground for later work on crime based on the notion of subculture
- …which have laid the ground for Thatcher’s government to make the very damaging proposals contained in the White Paper.
- It laid down guidelines for religious instruction. (guidelines smp com “down”)
- Its objective was to lay down guidelines for a national convention
tábua = placa = quadro (negro/branco ou de pessoas)
board
- Cut the vegetables on a chopping (US cutting) board.
- There was a “For Sale” board outside the house.
- The teacher wrote her name up on the board.
- Every decision has to be approved by the board (of directors).
ler + seu passado
read; passado read! (O QUE MUDA É A PRONÚNCIA)
- Your handwriting is so untidy I can’t read it. (untidy - not arranged neatly and in order)
- I’ve read in the newspapers (that) there is a threat of war.
to force someone to do something, or to make it necessary for someone to do something (não é compel) (2)
obligate; oblige
- The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.
- The company was obligated to make compensation for damages.
- Employers are legally obligated to inform employees about benefits.
“oblige” tbm é “to please or help someone, especially by doing something they have asked you to do”
- We only went to the party to oblige some old friends who asked us to be there. [oblige someone]
- We needed a guide and he was only too happy to oblige.
salário (2)
wage
- a very low/high wage
- an hourly(!)/daily/weekly/annual wage
- He gets/earns/is paid a good wage, because he works for a fair employer.
- The job pays very low wages.
salary
- His net monthly salary is €2,500. (net=líquido, aqui)
- She’s on quite a good/decent salary in her present job.
- He took a drop in (= accepted a lower) salary when he changed jobs.
desapontar (ortografia)
disappoint (2 Ps)
- I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I’m afraid I can’t come after all.
- We don’t want to disappoint the fans.
preguiçoso; preguiça
laziness; Lazy
- I could go to the gym - it’s just laziness that stops me.
- Managers had complained that the workers were lazy and unreliable.
strain (5)
> tensão/pressão (e o verbo) > distensão (a ruim: muscular etc) (e o verbo) > a particular type or quality; "vertente" > cepa (de um vírus etc) > (verbo) coar
- The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.
- Migration into the cities is putting a strain on already stretched resources.
- I’ve put on such a lot of weight recently - this dress is straining at the seams. (seams- costuras)
- He’s been under a lot of strain recently.
- I strained a muscle in my back playing squash.
- A strain of puritanism runs through all her work. (tipo)
- …a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous.
- The oil in which the fish is fried is strained off and used to cook potatoes.
irreconhecível (ortografia)
unrecognizable = unrecognisable
……- recognise=recognize
….. - recognisable=recognizable
- The “area” remaining is more like a sieve and may be entirely unrecognisable as an area. (sieve = peneira)
a utensil consisting of a wire or plastic mesh held in a frame, used for straining solids from liquids, for separating coarser from finer particles, or for reducing soft solids to a pulp.
(mesh = malha)
(strain = coar)
sieve = peneira (=peneirar)
“E” DEPPOIS DO i
como em “believe” e “relieve”
- Pass the sauce through a sieve to remove any lumps. (lump = caroço)
- To make the batter, sieve the flour and salt into a bowl. (batter = massa)
> malha
> entrosar, integrar, unir
mesh
- a sieve with a fine/large mesh (sieve=peneira)
- a wire mesh fence
- The members of the team just didn’t mesh.
- I need a job that meshes with(!) my family life, as I have two little kids.
“o responsável” (pela equipe, por qqr coisa)
the person in charge (responsible NÃO é noun)
obs. : responsible to -> ser controlado por (responde a):
- In Australia, the prime minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the House of Representatives. (controlled by!)
pressa = apressar(se)(ortografia)
hurry
(haste é mais usado como hasty e hastily)
- Hurry or you’ll be late
- [ + to infinitive ] She hurried to answer the phone.
- I refuse to be hurried into a decision (= to be forced to make a decision too quickly).
- We left in such a hurry that we forgot our tickets
- Are you in a hurry (= wanting) to leave?
- The girls hastily got dressed
- I was hasty making breakfast, so the eggs are burnt.
absorver + absorto [preposição]
> absorB;
absorBed (in)
- Plants absorb carbon dioxide.
- It’s hard to absorb so much information.
- The project has absorbed her for several years.
- Simon was so absorbed in(!) his book that he didn’t even notice me come in.
sozinho
alone (1 L só!) você errou isso
40 por extenso
forty (sem U!) você errou isso
arpão
harpoon
vela de velejar = velejar
+ marinheiro
> sail
sailor (com O!!)
- The boat sailed along/down the coast.
- As the battleship sailed by/past, everyone on deck waved.
- The ship was sailing to China.
- He was a young sailor on his first sea voyage.
……-voyage - a long journey, especially by ship - A sailor threw a rope ashore and we tied the boat to a post.
……-ashore - towards or onto land from an area of water
……- post - poste
mastro
mast
enrolar em tubo
furl
- He took down the flag and furled it carefully.
remendo = distintivo
x distintivo de carregar, de policiais etc.
patch
(mas “badge” é mais o distintivo de carregar, de policiais etc.)
- I’ll have to sew a patch onto these jeans - they’re ripped at the knee.
> mas tbm: a shirt with a US flag patch sewn onto the right shoulder (sew - costurar (particípio = sewn=sewed))
- His black jacket has a black-and-silver patch bearing the school’s Latin motto.
> e tbm: Some people wear nicotine patches to help them give up smoking.
~gerúndio~ de see
seeing (com os 2 Es!)
- We’re seeing friends this weekend.
- My mother is seeing the doctor again next week.
- How long has she been seeing him?
