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Ecosystems and climate change > V2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in V2 Deck (35)
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1
Q

Current state and observed changes in climate:

A
2
Q

Regionale Unterschiede in der Erwärmung:

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3
Q

Observed precipitation changes:

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4
Q

Observed changes:

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5
Q

Observed changes in extremes:

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6
Q

Current state of climate:

A
  • the last five years were the five warmest on record globally and on average over 1.1°C warmer than during pre-industrial times
  • 2019 was the second warmest year
  • 2010-2019 was the warmest decade
  • globally already many extensive impacts of climate change in physical, chemical and biological systems are detectable and verifyable
7
Q

Natural and anthropogenic drivers in the climate system:

A
  • External drivers
    • plate tectonics
    • orbital parameters
    • solar activity
    • volcanism
  • Internal climate variability
  • Anthropogenic drivers
    • greenhouse gas emissions
    • land use change
8
Q

Germany under Climate Change:

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9
Q

Natural greenhouse effect:

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  • radiation equilibrium temperature without atmosphere: -18°C
  • real average temperature: +15°C
  • anthropogenic effect on top
10
Q

Drivers:

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11
Q

Development of important GHG:

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12
Q

Natural and anthropogenic forcing:

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13
Q

It‘s getting hot in here…!

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14
Q

does the future look like?

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15
Q

Example 1: Ice-albedo-feedback

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16
Q

Heat wave 2019:

A
  • Temperature records:
    • Germany 42,6°C (2 K above old one)
    • almost everywhere in Europe
17
Q

Excursus: probability density of extremes

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18
Q

Example 3:

Correlation between temperature and CO2

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19
Q

Example 2: Biogeochemical feedback mechanisms

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20
Q

Feedbacks and timescales:

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21
Q

Tipping points, 1.5°C is the right target!

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22
Q

Risks and impacts:

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23
Q

Important global tipping points in the climate system:

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24
Q

Further severe, long-term consequences:

A
  • Loss of biodiversity and mass extinction of species
  • Strong increase of extremes
  • Sea level rise
  • Mass migration
  • High adaptation and mitigation costs
  • many other ecological, social and economic consequences in all areas of society
25
Q

How much time do we have left for the 1.5°C target?

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26
Q

GHG: sources and sinks

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27
Q

How much time do we have left?

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28
Q

How much time do we have left?

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29
Q

Reduction paths from 2020 for 1,5°C target:

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  • If we start in 2022, time for transition shorter by 4 years
30
Q

Reduction pathways 2020 for the 1.5°C target:

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31
Q

Reduction pathways 2020 for the 1.5°C target:

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32
Q

Where are we currently?

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33
Q

Conclusions:

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  • The global increase in temperature since the industrialization has passed 1.1°C
  • To avoid global tipping points and severe consequences in the earth system, 1.5°C increase in temperature should not be surpassed (⇒ Paris Climate Agreement)
  • To achive this, it takes the quickest possible transformation towards a carbonneutral society globally
  • Current climate targets all around the world are far from sufficient
  • Every year delay will cost a large amount of time and money
34
Q

Cost-benefit of climate mitigation:

A
35
Q

Example: alternatives to fossil fuels

potential of renewable energies

A