Vaccination

Question 1

_____ sometimes require boosters, ______ always require booster

Answer 1

• Toxoid
• Subunit

Question 2

______ immunity completely prevent the establishment of infection

Answer 2

Sterilizing

Question 3

______ immunity involves vaccination of individuals in contact with an at-risk patient.

Answer 3

Ring

Question 4

_______ is an adjuvant derived from saponin used in the shingrix vaccine

Answer 4

QS21

Question 5

______ require conjugation to toxoid to become a mutagenic

Answer 5

Polysaccharides (they are haptens)

(ex: Hib & pneumococcal vax)

Question 6

______ is an adjuvant used in HPV vaccine

Answer 6

Monophosphoryl lipid A

Question 7

_______ is an adjuvant used for Fluad flu vaccine

Answer 7

MF59

Question 8

_______ vaccines use virus transfected with pathogen gene to form recombinant vaccine

Answer 8

Live vector subunit

(Ex: COVID-19 vax)

Question 9

______ vaccine can revert while _______ has variable memory and is more expensive

Answer 9

• Live attenuated
• inactivated

Question 10

______ can be used to allow for b-cell recognition of antigens

Answer 10

Haptens

(due to hapten-carrier effect: haptens are too small to be recognized by T cells)

Question 11

_____ vaccines function as an infection mimic where the antigen is presented on mhc-1 to immune cells

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

______ memory is long lived while _____ memory is short lived.

Answer 12

• Central
• terminal effector

(both can terminally differentiate into single functional effector cells)

Question 13

_____ is the MC used adjuvant for pediatric vaccines.

Answer 13

Alum

(inflammasome activation)

Question 14

Toxoid vaccines induce ______ term memory and do not trigger _____

Answer 14

• short
• memory

Question 15

T cell memory requires ______

Answer 15

dendritic cell/APC presentation

Question 16

SARS-CoV2 binds to the ______ (primary) and the _____ (secondary) to enter the cells.

Answer 16

• ACE2
• TMPRSS2

Question 17

Neisseria vaccine generation Abs that bind to ______ to allow complement activity.

Answer 17

fHbp (Factor H on neisseria that blocks complement cascade)

Question 18

Memory T cells do not require _____ for activation and can be activated at site of infection

Answer 18

costimulation

Question 19

Memory B cells take less time to activate and express more _____.

Answer 19

MHC II

(more memory B cells respond to pathogen than naive B cells after primary exposure)

Question 19

Memory B cells take less time to activate and express more _____.

Answer 19

MHC II

(more memory B cells respond to pathogen than naive B cells after primary exposure)

Question 20

Dengue and HIV infect the macrophages and vaccination can _____ infection

Answer 20

enhance

Question 21

B cell memory requires ______

Answer 21

germinal center

Question 22

COVID booster shots increase ______. The first series increases ______.

Answer 22

• neutralizing antibody
• Ab + T cell response

(no efficacy data on boosters yet)

Question 23

Antitoxins (passive immunization) are used to treat _____ .

Answer 23

snake & spider bites

Question 24

Immune-globulin (passive immunization) are used to treat _______ (4).

Answer 24

1. Botulism 2. CMV 3. Hep A/B 4. Measles

Question 25

Hepatitis B vaccine is a _____ vaccine

Answer 25

subunit

Question 26

Recombinant vector vaccines use a ______ to introduce microbial DNA to cells.

Answer 26

viral vector

Question 27

Viral-like particles, live attenuated, viral vector subunit & DNA/RNA vaccines elicit _______ (3) immune response.

Answer 27

1. Ab 2. CD4-TH1 3. CTL (Viral vector-subunit & DNA/RNA may or may not get Ab response)

Question 28

Polysaccharide, Killed & subunit protein vaccines elicit a ______ (2) immune response

Answer 28

1. Ab 2. CD4 -TH2

Question 29

Which factors increase immunogenicity of a vaccine (4)?

Answer 29

1. Large, complex 2. Very different from self 3. Sub -Q, slow release 4. High MHC binding

Question 30

Mucosal route of admin = ____ immunity; IM = \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

* mucosal immunity * systemic response

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (preservative) is used in the pneumovax 23, typhim Vi (typhoid fever vax) & smallpox vax (ACAM2000)

Answer 31

phenol

Question 32

2-phenoxyethanol (preservative) is used in ______ vaccine.

Answer 32

polio

Question 33

Benzethonium chloride is a preservative used in _____ vaccine.

Answer 33

biothrax (*Bacillus anthracis*) (preservatives may cause hypersensitivity rxn)

Question 34

Why do viral vaccines NOT require an adjuvant?

Answer 34

they generate their own “danger signal” (tickle the PRRs)