Vaccination against bacterial infections

Question 1

What are the properties of a good vaccine

Answer 1

Easy to administer

Safe

Cheap

Stable

Effective immune response

Question 2

How is prote4ction offered?

Answer 2

Directly - stop passing

Herd immunity - immunising 90pc of popn so less chance of being infected

Question 3

How is vaccine safety and efficacy maintained?

Answer 3

Clinical trials
1 - Small, safety
2 - immune response
3 - protection and placebo - efficacy

Question 4

What does a vaccine consist of?

Answer 4

Antigen
- stimulate response

Adjuvant
- enhance and modulate response

Excipients
- buffer etc

Question 5

What are the types of vaccine?

Answer 5

Live attenuated

Killed whole organism - INACTIVE

Purified component -SUBUNIT

Toxoid

Polysaccharide conjugate

Question 6

HOw do these vaccines give immunity

Answer 6

Active

• Body makes antibodies
• – LA - weakend, mutations that mean it cant survive in host
• – Subunit - only the part that stim response
• – Killed - on the tin
• – DNA expresses antigen - transcribed etc and then responded to

Question 7

Which bacteria and viruses are treated by the various vaccines?

Answer 7

Live -MMR
Inac - Hep A, Flu
Subunit - Hep B
Toxoid - Tetanus
Conjugate - Pnemococcus

Question 8

Give another example

Answer 8

MenC
Polio
AiO Pediatric vaccine - DTap-IPV