Vaccines Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is active immunity and how is it acquired?
Active immunity is acquired by exposure to disease or vaccination. It stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells.
What is passive immunity?
Passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies (e.g., via placenta, breast milk, or immunoglobulins). It provides temporary protection.
What are live attenuated vaccines? Give examples.
Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus or bacteria. Examples: MYROMETRIPS, varicella.
Which vaccines are inactivated?
Inactivated vaccines include those with killed pathogens or toxoids. Examples: hepatitis B, meningococcal, tetanus, diphtheria.
Can live vaccines cause the disease they prevent?
Rarely, live vaccines can cause a mild form (e.g., rash after MMR). Inactivated vaccines cannot cause the disease.
Which live vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy?
All live replicating vaccines.
Which vaccines are recommended in pregnancy?
Inactivated vaccines: influenza (any stage), pertussis (from 16 weeks), RSV (from 28 weeks).
PIRSV
Which vaccines are contraindicated in immunosuppression?
Live replicating vaccines due to risk of uncontrolled infection.
What vaccines are recommended for asplenic patients?
Meningococcal ACWY + B, influenza, PCV13/15 and PPV23 (except eculizumab patients who don’t need PPV23).
What is MY ROME TRIPS used for?
Mnemonic for live vaccines: Measles, Yellow fever, Rotavirus, Oral polio, Mumps, Epidemic typhus, TB, Rubella, Influenza (live), Plague, Shingles.
How should vaccines be spaced?
Live vaccines should be spaced by at least 4 weeks.
What are the absolute contraindications to vaccination?
Anaphylaxis to a previous dose or component (e.g., neomycin, egg).
At what ages is rotavirus vaccine given?
At 8 weeks and 12 weeks (oral).
Which vaccines are given at 8 weeks?
6-in-1 (DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB), MenB, rotavirus.
Which vaccines are given at 12 months?
Hib/MenC, PCV, MMR, MenB.
When is the MMR vaccine given?
First dose at 12 months, second at 3 years 4 months.
What vaccines are given at age 14?
Td/IPV booster, MenACWY.
Which vaccines are given to older adults?
Influenza (annually), shingles (from 65 or 70–79), pneumococcal (from 65), RSV (from 75).
