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Flashcards in Vaccines Deck (15)
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1
Q

vaccines’ importance

A

protect from SYMPTOMS
control spread
elimination of disease

2
Q

what makes virus a target for vaccine development

A

limited number of serotypes
infection is serious enough
virus doesn’t mutate fast (exceptions are influenza, HIV)
natural infection is acute, self limiting–immunity long lasting

3
Q

what kind of immunity plays a role in vaccines

A

cellular, and humoral. depends on the virus, antigen, route of immunization, adjuvant

4
Q

how do you get mucosal immunity

A

antigen must be prsented to the mucosa associated lykmphoid system, so the virus needs to replicate and get there

5
Q

how do antibodies play a role on the surface of infected cells

A

can bind the microbe and block infection

6
Q

passive immunization has what effect on viral replication

A

rarely eliminates completely viral replcation

however usually blunts infec enough to allow immune sys to take over

7
Q

rhinovirus vs poliovirus difference

A

more than 99 serotypes for rhinovirus so evades neutralizing antibodies

poliovirus–vaccine very successful

8
Q

advnatages of inactivated virus vaccine

A

cannot genetically mutate to increase virulence

safe for immunocompromised

9
Q

disadvantages of inactivated virus vaccine

A

fails to elicit gut immunity
parenteral administration
expensive
needs multiple boosters

elicits ciruculating Ag but no mucosal immunity
can elicit imbalanced response–to one protein but not another
longevity?

10
Q

live attenuated virus vaccine advantages

A

inexpensive
induces both systemic and secretory immunity
induces herd immunity

full range of gene products expressed
mimics nautral infec
elicits Ag and cell med response (longer lasting imm response)
mucosal immunity is generated if it’s relevant

11
Q

disadvantages of live atten virus vaccine

A

can mutate to more virulent strain
less reliable in tropical places-need coolers

residual pathogenicity
can spread for those vaccinated to contacts
possible reversion to virulent strain
subject to immune evasion strategies of viruses

12
Q

what is attenuation of virus usually involve

A

attenuation of translation effectiveness in the human

13
Q

recombinant viruses

A

viral vector w/ genes from one or more viruses

14
Q

subunit or recombinant vaccines (2nd gen)

A

avoids the requirement for total inactivation of live virus

cost/difficulty in production may be drawback

ex. HBV, HPV (virus like particles) vaccine

15
Q

DNA inoculation (3rd gen)

A

introduce DNA encoding antigens into appropriate tissues–DNA taken up into cells, proteins are expressed