Vaccines

Question 1

What are examples of Active Immunity

Answer 1

1. Immunization
2. Natural infection/exposure

• Involves adaptive immunity

Question 2

what is passive immunity?

Answer 2

The transfer of pre-formed antibodies to an individual to create a short term immunity.

• Does NOT induce memory
• Examples: Poly & Monoclonal antibody, hyper-immune antibody, convalescent plasma

Question 3

What is the high titer antibody that is given immediately for patients with a dog bite?

Answer 3

Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG)

Question 4

Would vaccines work for patients with agammaglobulinemia (lack of B cells)

Answer 4

No; they don’t have B cells that are able to elicit memory when vaccines are given.

Question 5

Is there a vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

Answer 5

No; An RSV monoclonal antibody is available.

Question 6

What are the common toxins in which passive immunization is given/used?

Answer 6

• Tetanus, Botulism, Diphtheria (all 3 are bacterial toxins)

- Snake venom

Question 7

Rhogam is given when

Answer 7

Mother is D negative (Rh neg) and Fetus is D positive (Rh pos) to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus.

Question 8

What is an example of when both passive and active immunizations are given at the same time?

Answer 8

Hepatitis B patients

Question 9

What is an example of an immuniztion given during pregnancy to protect newborn infant?

Answer 9

Tdap

Question 10

What is approximate half life of IgG?

Answer 10

4 weeks

Question 11

Inactivated or attenuated bacterial and viral vaccines are made of

Answer 11

whole bacteria or viruses that are either killed (inactivated) or live but weakened (attenuated).

Question 12

Describe Inactivated Vaccines

Answer 12

Generally don’t produce long-lived protection

Question 13

Influenza, rabies, polio (salk) vaccines are examples of

Answer 13

Inactivated viral vaccines

Question 14

Describe Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 14

• Effective and generate long-term protection

- May not be given to immunocompromised patients

Question 15

What are examples of Attenuated (live) Viral Vaccines?

Answer 15

1. Oral polio (not used in US)
2. MMR (measles (aka. rubeola), mumps, rubella)
3. chickenpox (varicella)
4. rotavirus
5. oral influenza vaccine
6. yellow fever

Question 16

What is an example of Attenuated (live) Bacterial Vaccine?

Answer 16

BCG causing Tuberculosis

Question 17

What are examples of purified antigen/subunit vaccines?

Answer 17

1. Toxoids (inactivated toxins)
   - Diphtheria, Tetanus, Botulism
2. Purified Polysaccharide Antigens
   - T-independent (short term protection)
   - Conjugate version (T-dependent, long term protection)

Question 18

What is a conjugate vaccine?

Answer 18

A modified version of purified polysaccharide antigen by adding protein to allow T-dependent antibody response.

Question 19

What is an example of a conjugate vaccine?

Answer 19

Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib)

• chemically conjugated to tetanus toxoid

Question 20

The synthetic/recombinant antigen vaccines are made of active part that is

Answer 20

synthesized (man-made) protein or AA

Question 21

What is an example of synthetic/recombinant antigen vaccine?

Answer 21

Hepatitis B vaccine

Question 22

What is an example of combination vaccines

Answer 22

Tdap (aka. DPT) vaccine

• Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

Question 23

What is a substance that is added to vaccine to improve or stimulate the immune response?

Answer 23

Adjuvant

Example: Aluminum salts

Question 24

What are examples of diluent?

Answer 24

water or saline

Question 25

Whiat is a component in a vaccine that maintains vaccine potency?

Answer 25

stabilizers

Example: MSG, gelatin

Question 26

What is a phenomenon seen when a large percentage of individuals in the community are immunized?

Answer 26

Herd Immunity

Question 27

True or False: Autism can be caused by MMR vaccine or thimerosal in vaccines.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What are symptoms of measles?

Answer 28

Rash, conjunctivitis, and cough with respiratory distress