Valarie Case Scenario Flashcards
(50 cards)
How is culture defined in cultural safety? (Potter and Perry 158)
Based on the premise that culture applies in it’s broadest sense to any person or group of people who may differ from the nurse because of socio-economic status, age, gender, sexual-orientation, ethnic origin, migrant/refugee status, religious belief or disability
What is cultural safety? (Potter and Perry 158)
The redistribution of power and resources in a relationship through recognizing power imbalances, understanding the nature of interpersonal relationships, an an awareness of institutional discrimination
This is demonstrated in nursing practice through the patient defining what is culturally safe, the establishment of trust between the nurse and pt, and identifying the differences between the pt, nurse, and institutions which can then be underpinned and negotiated
What are the three steps to achieving cultural safety? (Potter and Perry 159)
- Cultural awareness - first step to recognizing that there is a difference through being aware of emotional, social, economic, and political context in which people exist
- Cultural sensitivity - person accepts legitimacy of difference, and is capable of reflecting on the impact that their life experience and positional power has on others
- Cultural safety - outcome of nursing education that enables safe care to be defined by those receiving it
What are five factors that are crucial in a nurse-patient relationship, especially with that of an Indigenous pt? (Potter and Perry 160)
Respect - acknowledging and appreciating intrinsic value of others in an active and authentic way
Trust - understanding the unequal power relationship between themselves and the patient, as well as the vulnerability and dependency of the pt
Spirituality - one of four aspects within a person that must be in balance in order for the person to be healthy within an indigneous perspective
Strengths-based approach - focusing on strengths rather than stereotyping
Trauma-informed care - recognizes patient need for safety, choice and control
What is colonialism? (Potter and Perry 152)
Ongoing policy of domination, whereas the expansion of European/Western empires was accomplished through exploration of other lands and the resettlement of Europeans globally on lands in use by the original inhabitants
What is colonization? (Potter and Perry 152)
Purposeful practice of settling invaders onto foreign lands, plundering the land’s resources, and exploiting and marginalizing the inhabitants
How were Indigenous Peoples organized during pre-European contact? (Potter and Perry 149)
Composed of distinct cultures scattered across the continent, often self-governed through a matriarchal framework
Experienced well-being via a holistic view of health, considering physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions of illness and treatment
What are examples of detrimental colonial practices enforced upon the Indigenous peoples? (Potter and Perry 151,152
Indian act* - assimilation of First Nations peoples into Canadian society, delineating federal obligation towards “Indians”, regulating the management of reserves, money, or other resources
Reservations - piece of land set aside by the Federal government for the exclusive use of an Indian band or First Nations
Residential Schools - Indigenous children were forcibly separated from their parents to sever the link between their Indigenous identity and culture to assimilate them into Canadian society, resulted in intergenerational trauma
Indian Day Schools - similar to residential schools, exception that children were able to return home, victims of Indian Day schools were not compensated for their trauma
Sixties Scoop - Apprehension of thousands of Indigenous children from their families and reserves and placed in non-Indigenous homes without consideration of cultural and family values
What four physical changes are observed in the urinary system during pregnancy? (Canadian Lifespan 214)
Increase in glomerular filtration rate (kidney filter)
- Increase in ureters diameter
- Increase in urinary output
- Increase in bladder capacity
What five physical changes are observed in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy? (Canadian Lifespan 214)
- Increase in cardiac output
- Increase in total blood volume, may result in physiological anemia
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in tidal volume (volume of air inspired)
- Displacement of diaphragm, causing shortness of breath
What three physical changes are observed in the musculoskeletal system during pregnancy? (Canadian Lifespan 214)
-Relaxation of joints, esp that of the pelvic joints
-Lumbar and dorsal curves increase, contributing to back pain
-Separation of the symphysis pubis (pubic joint)
What three physical changes are observed in the gastrointestinal system during pregnancy? (Canadian Lifespan 215)
-Enlarging and space-occupying uterus cramps in the intestinal region, causing slowing of peristalsis and increasae in emptying time of the stomach
- Decrease in gastric motility, causing constipation
- Frequent “heartburns” due to reflux of stomach contents in to the esophagus
What physical changes are observed in the reproductive system during pregnancy? (Canadian Lifespan 215)
Uterus enlargement, fundus (top of uterus) moves higher in abdomen
- Breast enlargement, may secrete colostrum during late pregnancy
-Darkening of vagina and vulva, due to greater blood supply
When is the fetus most sensitive to maternal health and environment exposures? (Canadian Lifespan 215)
4-10 weeks into pregnancy
What are the four current Canadian recommendations on preconception health and health care? (Canadian Lifespan 215)
-Women trying to conceive should take 400 mcg of folic acid per day
-Pregnant women should engage in 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day
-Alcoholic beverages should be limited to 2 glasses per day, 10 per week
-All women should have up to date immunizations
What is preconception care in pregnant women? (Canadian Lifespan 216)
Health-promotion activities conducted before a pregnancy occurs to address potential risk factors across the lifespan due to pregnancy, including adolescents
What are ten recommended preconception interventions from PHAC? (Canadian Lifespan 216)?
Folic acid supplementation
-Vaccinations
-Management and assessment of chronic health conditions (diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disease)
-HIV/AIDS/STIs screening
-Healthy diet needs
-Physical activity needs
-Substance use and medication safety
-Intimate partner screening
-Smoking cessation and elimination of alcohol counselling
-Screening and treatment of depression
What are 6 perinatal care guidelines for pregnant women within the first trimester? (Canadian Lifespan 218)
-Complete assessment to identify risk factors
-Awareness of subtle or overt physical, sexual, or emotional abuse
-Assess physical and psychosocial progress in adaptation to pregnancy
-Inquire about physical changes and discomforts; explain causes and identify appropriate relief measures
-Provide anticipatory guidance appropriate for the woman’s individual needs (educational needs, substance use)
-Provide education on… seat belts, high-risk behavior, warning/danger signs to report, nutrition and weight management, sexuality
What are 7 perinatal care guidelines for pregnant women within the second trimester? (Canadian Lifespan 218)
Complete assessment to identify risk factors
-Awareness of subtle or overt physical, sexual, or emotional abuse
-Assess physical and psychosocial progress in adaptation to pregnancy
-Inquire about physical changes and discomforts; explain causes and identify appropriate relief measures
-Provide anticipatory guidance appropriate for the woman’s individual needs (educational needs, substance use)
-Provide education on… seat belts, high-risk behavior, warning/danger signs to report, nutrition and weight management, sexuality
What are 7 perinatal care guidelines for pregnant women within the third trimester? (Canadian Lifespan 218)
Review physiological changes
-Monitor changes related to pregnancy
- Assess expectant family’s readiness for labor, birth, and parenting role
-Review finalized birth plan
-Identify community resources available to the family
-Explain any diagnostic tests ordered, meet educational needs (needs for newborn care)
-Provide education on… monitoring fetal movements, strategies to cope with discomforts, promote family safety. including partner in process, childbirth preparation
.What are 7 perinatal care guidelines for pregnant women within the second trimester? (Canadian Lifespan 218)
childbirthAssess adaptation to pregnancy and fetal wellbeing
-Update health history
-Continue to recognize cultural influences
-Encourage informed decision making and positive health care practices
-Review potential risk factors and when to report them
-Ensure community referals/resources as needed
-Provide education on… oral hygiene, nutritional needs, safety issues in workplace, discomforts of pregnancy, relief of common discomforts of pregnancy, prepared classes
What are perinatal care guidelines for women in postpartum? (Canadian Lifespan 218
-Complete head to toe physical assessment
-Assess emotional status, circulatory status
-Assess mother for postpartum blues
-Encourage bonding and attachment
-Demonstrate breastfeeding techniques
-Provide anticipatory guidance needed for the family (educational needs: nutrition fatigue, child care)
-Provide education on… immunization, sexuality, family planning, breast engorgement, family adaptation, followup care, danger signs to report, sibling readiness for new member, self-care activities
What are daily nutritional recommendations for pregnant women? (Canadian Lifespan 224)?
Calories | +300 more compared to normal (aim of total 25-35 pounds of weight gain)
Protein | 70g
Calcium | 1000mg/day
Iron | 27mg/day
Folic acid | 600mcg
Fats | 30% of daily calories
Carbohydrates | 7-11 servings daily
How much rest should a pregnant woman have? (Canadian Lifespan 227)
-Rest breaks during the day
-8 hours of sleep each night
