Values Flashcards
1
Q
PW can’t measure high velociraptor but what can it measure up to?
A
> 2.0-2.5 m\s
2
Q
PW will aliase if …?
A
Exceed the nyquist limit,
1/2 PRF
3
Q
MR flow is about how fast
A
5-7 m/s
4
Q
A 20 degree offset from flow direction = —% underestimation of blood flow velocity
A
6%
5
Q
When arrhythmias are present how many beats should be measured to be able to average the velocities
A
3-5 beats
6
Q
If the velocities exceed —- then the expanded Bernoulli equation should be used
A
_> 1.2 m/s
7
Q
If a stenosis is longer then —- then it starts to affect the estimation of pressure gradients
A
> 10 mm
8
Q
The baseline should be — from top or bottom
A
3/4 ways
9
Q
The useful part of the spectral should occupy how much of the total scale
A
1/2-3/4
10
Q
In a stenosis if the area reduces by half, what happens to the speed
A
Doubles
11
Q
Aorta systolic pressure
A
120 mmHg
12
Q
Aorta diastolic pressure
A
70 mmHg
13
Q
Mean aorta pressure
A
85 mmHg
14
Q
Mean Right atrial pressure
A
4 mmHg
15
Q
Systolic right ventricle pressure
A
25 mmHg
16
Q
Diastolic right ventricle pressure
A
4 mmHg
17
Q
Systolic left ventricle pressure
A
120 mmHg
18
Q
Diastolic left ventricle pressure
A
10 mmHg
19
Q
Mean Left atrium pressure
A
10 mmHg
20
Q
PA systolic pressure
A
25 mmHg
21
Q
PA diastolic pressure
A
10 mmHg
22
Q
PA mean pressure
A
16 mmHg
23
Q
Normal Parasternal EF
A
_> 55%
24
Q
Normal FS
A
> 25%
25
Male simpsons EF
52-72
26
Females simpsons EF
54-74
27
When using A4C and A2C for simpsons there should be no more than how much of a difference in lengths
10%
| 1cm
28
Normal female linear method FS
27-45%
29
Normal female parasternal EF
_> 55%
30
Normal female LV size
_< 53mm
31
Severe female linear method FS
_<16%
32
Severe female parasternal EF %
_< 30%
33
Severe female LV size
_> 62mm
34
Severe female simpsons EF
<30 %
35
Normal male linear method FS
25-43 %
36
Normal male parasternal EF
_> 55%
37
Normal male LV size
_< 59mm
38
Severe male linear method FS
_<14%
39
Severe male parasternal EF
_<30%
40
Severe male LV size
_> 69mm
41
Severe male simpsons EF
<30%
42
For Dp/Dt what velociraptor do you measure at?
1 m/s and 3m/s
43
Dp/Dt measures how much time it takes for the LV pressure to raise by
32 mmHg
44
During Dp/Dt the sweep speed is increased to
100-200 cm/s
45
Normal Dp/Dt values
>1200 mmHg/s
46
Severe LV systolic dysfunction Dp/Dt values
<800 mmHg/s
47
Normal time for LV to generate 33mmHg
<27ms
48
Severe LV systolic dysfunction time for LV to generate 32mmHg
>40ms
49
MPI conventional Doppler method (preferred method) for normal LV
<0.44
50
Normal LV tissue Doppler (LIMP)
<0.6
51
Tissue Doppler RV normal (RIMP)
<0.55
52
RV basal cavity diameter
_<41mm
53
RV mid cavity diameter
_<35mm
54
RV length (long axis)
_<86mm
55
RVOT diameter (proximal)
_< 33 mm
56
RVOT diameter (distal)
_< 27 mm
57
RV systolic function - Doppler tissue imaging S prime
_> 9.5 cm/s
58
RV systolic function - fractional area change
_>35%
59
RV systolic function - MPI conventional method Doppler
_<0.43
60
RV systolic function TASPE
_> 17 mm
61
M-mode LA dimension normal women
27-38mm
62
M-mode LA dimension normal men
30-40mm
63
2D linear LA dimension normal women
27-38mm
64
2D linear LA dimension normal men
30-40mm
65
When measuring the LA in both A4C and A2C the lengths should not differ by more then
5mm
66
LA volume index normal
16-34 ml/m sq
67
LA volume index mild
35-41 ml/m sq
68
LA volume index moderate
42-48 ml/m sq
69
LA volume index severe
_> 48 ml/m sq
70
2D linear LA dimension severe male
>52mm
71
2D linear LA dimension severe women
>47mm
72
RA minor axis normal
<44mm
73
RA minor axis abnormal
>44mm
74
RA major normal
<53mm
75
RA major abnormal
>53mm
76
RA area normal
<18cm sq
77
RA area abnormal
>18 cm sq
78
RA volume index normal female
_< 27 ml/m sq
79
RA volume index normal male
_< 32 ml/m sq
80
RA volume index abnormal female
> 27 ml/m sq
81
RA volume index abnormal male
> 32 ml/m sq
82
Systolic/forward failure/ HFrEF has a EF of
<40%
83
Diastolic/backward failure/ HFnEF has a EF of
>55%
84
Systolic/forward failure/ HFrEF makes up what percent of all CHF
50-60%
85
Diastolic/backward failure/ HFnEF makes up what percent of all CHF
40-50% with increasing prevalence
86
Normal LAP
6-12 mmHg
87
A LAP of what equals pulmonary hypertension
>18 mmHg
88
Normal IVC
_<21 mm
89
Abnormal IVC
>21 mm
90
Normal amount for IVC to collapse
>50%
91
RAP with ALL normal values
3 mmHg
92
RAP with no normal values
15 mmHg
93
RAP with one of two criteria being normal
8mmHg
94
Normal length for IVRT
50-100ms
| <94 ms
95
Early filling contributes —— of the total diastolic filling
70-80%
96
Normal length of time for early filling to last
150-200 ms
| Up to 220 ms
97
Late filling (atrial contraction) contributes —— amount to total diastolic filling
20-30%
98
Abnormal LA volume index
>34 ml/meter squared
99
Normal PLAX female LA size
<38
100
Normal PLAX male LA size
<40
101
Normal LA mean pressure
3-12 mmHg
102
Normal E/A ratio
0.8-2
103
Normal deceleration time
160-200ms
| Up to 220ms
104
Normal E (early filling) wave
0.6-1.3 m/s
105
Normal E prime for medial (septal) wall
>7 cm/s
106
Normal e prime for lateral wall
>10 cm/s
107
Normal TR jet
<2.8 m/s
108
Normal E/e ratio
<14
109
Pulmonary vein S to D ratio
S < D
110
Normal PVa-MVA
<20 ms
111
Severe DD PVa-MVA
_> 30 ms
112
Normal LA volume index
16-34 ml/meter squared up
113
Severe DD (LAE) LA volume index
>48 ml/meter squared
114
Normal mitral E/A ratio
_>0.8
115
Abnormal mitral E/A ratio
>2
116
Normal E/e ratio
<10
117
Severe abnormal E/e ratio
>14
118
Mild Jet height /LVOT diameter
<25%
119
Severe jet height/LVOT diameter ratio
_>65%
120
Mild jet area/LVOT area ratio
<5%
121
Moderate jet area/LVOT area ratio
5-59%
122
Severe jet area/LVOT area ratio
>60%
123
AI mild vena contracta
<3mm
124
AI severe vena contracta
_> 6 mm
125
Mild AR pressure half time
>500 ms
126
Severe MR pressure half time
<200 ms
127
25% of all adults have aortic sclerosis what percentage of this individuals will develop aortic stenosis
10-15%
128
CW Doppler velocity through AV sclerosis
<2.5 m/s
129
CW Doppler velocity through AV stenosis
>2.5 m/s
130
LVOT diameter normal (most people)
18-22 mm
131
AV sclerosis jet velocity
_<2.5 m/s
132
Mild AV stenosis jet velocity
2.5-2.9 m/s
133
Severe AV stenosis jet velocity
>4 m/s
134
Mild AV stenosis mean gradient
<20 mmHg
135
Severe AV stenosis mean gradient
>40 mmHg
136
Mild AV stenosis AVA
>1.5 cm squared
137
Severe AV stenosis AVA
<1 cm squared
138
Mild AV stenosis indexed AVA to BSA
>0.85 cm squared / meter squared
139
Severe AV stenosis indexed AVA to BSA
<0.6 cm squared / meter squared
140
Mild AV stenosis velocity ratio
>0.5
141
Severe AV stenosis velocity ratio
<0.25
142
There are over how many chords in the MV
120
143
The posteromedial pap muscle has how many heads and bodies and how many arteries feeding it
2 bodies
3 heads
1 artery
144
The anterolateral pap muscle has how many heads and bodies and how many arteries feeding it
1 body
2 heads
2 arteries
145
What is normal MV leaflet thickness
1-2 mm
146
Mild MV by mean gradient
<5 mmHg
147
Severe MV by mean gradient
>10 mmHg
148
A misalignment of 20 degrees equals a —— reduction of velocity
6-7%
149
Normal MVA
4-6 Cm squared
150
Mild MS MVA
>1.5 cm squared
151
Severe MS MVA
<1.0 cm squared
152
Mild AR jet height / LVOT diameter ratio
<25%
153
Severe AR jet height / LavOT diameter ratio
_> 65%
154
Mild AR jet area / LVOT area ratio
<5%
155
Moderate AR jet area / LVOT area ratio
5-59%
156
Severe AR jet area / LVOT area ratio
>60%
157
AR vena contracta zone mild
<3 mm
158
AR vena contracta zone severe
_> 6mm
159
AR mild pressure half time
>500 ms
160
AR severe pressure half time
<200 ms
161
AR regurgitate volume mild
<30ml
162
AR regurgitate volume severe
>60 ml
163
AR regurgitate fraction mild
<30%
164
AR regurgitate fraction severe
>50%
165
AR effective regurgitate office area mild (PISA)
<0.10 cm squared
166
AR effective regurgitate orfice area severe
_> 0.30 cm squared
