Normal LA volume index
<34 ml/m squared
16-34 ml/ m squared
Normal male LA (m-mode and 2D linear)
<40 mm
Normal female LA (m-mode and 2D linear)
<38 mm
Male severe LA
> 52 mm
Female severe LA
> 47 mm
Normal RA minor dimension
<44 mm
Abnormal is greater then 44 mm
Normal RA major dimension
<53 mm
Abnormal is greater then 53 mm
Normal male RA volume index
_< 32 ml/m squared
Abnormal is greater then 32
Normal female RA volume index
_< 27 ml/m squared
Abnormal is greater then 27
Normal RA area
<18 cm squared
Abnormal is greater then 18
Mild LA volume index
35-40 ml/ m squared
Severe LA volume index
> 48 ml/m squared
When measuring the LA in 2 planes the length should not differ by more then
> 5 mm
Pulsed wave cannot measures velocities over …
2-2.5 m/s
How many beats should you measure if there’s an Arrhythmia
3-5
A 20 degree offset from flow direction = a ——-% underestimation of blood flow
6%
For a stenosis to cause an underestimation of a pressure gradient it’s length has to be
> 10 mm
Proximal velocities have to be increased over —- to use the expanded Bernoulli equation
_> 1.2 m/s
In IVCT the pressure in the LV changes from what
5-80 mmHg
IVCT lasts how long?
30-50 ms
Aorta systolic pressure
120 mmHg
Aorta diastolic pressure
70 mmHg
Aorta mean pressure
85 mmHg
RA mean pressure
4 mmHg
RV systolic pressure
25 mmHg
RV diastolic pressure
4 mmHg
LV systolic pressure
120 mmHg
LV diastolic pressure
10 mmHg
LA mean pressure
10 mmHg
PA systolic pressure
25 mmHg
PA diastolic pressure
10 mmHg
PA mean pressure
16 mmHg
Normal Parasternal / Linear EF
_> 55%
Normal male simpsons EF
52-72%
Normal female simpsons EF
54-74 %
Normal Fractional Shortening for male and female
> 25%
Normal women linear fractional shortening
27-45%
> 25%
Severe women linear fractional shortening
_<16 %
Normal male linear fractional shortening
25-43 %
> 25%
Severe male linear fractional shortening
_<14%
Severe parasternal / linear EF for male and female
_<30%
Women normal LV size
_<53 mm
Women severe LV size
_>62 mm
Normal male LV size
_<59 mm
Severe male LV size
_> 69 mm
Severe simpsons EF for male and female
<30 %
Dp/Dt arbitrary points on the velocity
1 m/s
3 m/s
Dp/Dt measures how much time it takes for the LV to produce
32 mmHg
Normal Dp/Dt
> 1200 mmHg/s
Severe Dp/Dt time
<800 mmHg/s
Normal time for LV to generate 32 mmHg
<27 ms
Severe abnormal amount of time for the LV to generate 32 mmHg
> 40 ms
Normal LV MPI (conventional Doppler method)
<0.44
Normal LV MPI (tdi method)
LIMP
<0.6
Normal TV MPI (tdi method)
RIMP
<0.55
Normal RV basal cavity diameter
_< 41 mm
Normal RV mid cavity diameter
_<35 mm
Normal RV length
_<86 mm
Normal RVOT diameter prox
_<33 mm
Normal RVOT diameter distal
_<27 mm
Normal RV TDI s prime
_>9.5 cm/s
Normal RV fractional area change
_>35%
Normal RV MPI (conventional Doppler method)
_<0.43
Normal RV tapse
_>17mm
Normal IVRT time
50-100 ms
<94 ms
Early filling contributes what % of total diastolic filling
70-80%
Normal early filling time
150-200 ms
Up to 220 ms
Normal left atrial index
<34 ml/m squared
Normal female LA
<38 mm
Normal male LA
<40 mm
With systolic / forward failure / HFrEF / left side CHF the EF is what
<40%
Reduced
With diastolic / backward failure / HFnEF with EF is what
Normal
>55%
Normal LAP pressure
6-12 mmHg
LAP that is pulmonary hypertension
> 18 mmHg
Normal IVC diameter
> 21 mm
