valvular disorders Flashcards Preview

Clin Med 2 > valvular disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in valvular disorders Deck (20)
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0
Q

aortic stenosis murmur

A

harsh systolic ejection murmur, thrill in 2nd RICS or suprasternal notch, early systolic click

1
Q

aortic stenosis presentation

A

asymptomatic;

DOE, fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance

2
Q

aortic stenosis imaging findings

A

echo: calcified leaflets & aortic gradient

3
Q

aortic stenosis tx (2)

A

avoid strenuous exercise, rest

cardiac cath for symptomatic pts

4
Q

aortic regurgitation presentation

A

asymptomatic for years, then DOE, signs of CHF

5
Q

aortic regurgitation murmur

A

high-pitched diastolic decrescendo murmur heard at aortic area & LSB

6
Q

aortic regurg characteristic finding

A

Wide pulse pressure & low diastolic pressure

7
Q

aortic regurgitation tx (4)

A

ACE inhibitors
hydralazine
nifedipine
valve replacement if symptomatic

8
Q

wide pulse pressure & low diastolic pressure

A

aortic regurgitation

9
Q

pulmonary congestion –> pulm HTN –> RHF. A fib

A

mitral stenosis

10
Q

mitral stenosis murmur

A

loud S1 w/ opening snap & mid-diastolic rumbling

11
Q

mitral stenosis imaging findings (EKG, CXR, and Echo)

A

EKG: LAE
CXR: LAE, pulmonary congestion & RVH, Kerley B lines
Echo: valve thickening

12
Q

mitral stenosis tx

A

diuretics & sodium restriction for mild cases
anticoagulation for A Fib or LAE
valve surgery for progressive cases

13
Q

mitral regurg symptoms

A

dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, arrhythmias, pulmonary edema

14
Q

mitral regurg murmur

A

high-pitched, pansystolic murmur loudest at the apex, radiating to axilla.
S3 and S4 sounds later

15
Q

mitral regurg imaging findings

A

EKG: LAE, LVH, A Fib
CXR: LAE & LVH
Echo: LAE, LVH, hyperdynamic wall motion

16
Q

mitral regurg tx (acute & chronic)

A

acute: IV nitroprusside, surgery
chronic: activity limitation, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, Na+ restriction, diuretics. Surgery

17
Q

diagnostic for mitral valve prolapse?

A

echo

18
Q

mitral valve prolapse tx

A

benign

B-blockers for associated palpitations or arrhythmias

19
Q

mitral valve prolapse murmur

A

mid-late systolic clicks often present