Valvular HD Flashcards
(20 cards)
Causes of mitral stenosis
rheumatic HD, congenital MS, and systemic conditions (RA, SLE)
Symptoms of MS
dyspnoea, haemoptisis, systemic emoblisation, IE, chest pain, hoarseness
Signs of MS
mitral facies, JVP - prminent wave, tapping apex beat, diastolic thrill, RV heave, diastolic murmur
Investigations in MS
ECG, cardiac cath, CXR, echo, CMRI
Treatment for MS
diuretics, reduce Na intake, deal with AF, MVR or valvotomy
Causes of mitral regurgitation
rheumatic HD, MVP, IE, degenerative disease, LV dilatation
Symptoms of MR
acute - breathlessness, pulm oedema, cardiogenic shock
chronic - fatigue, exhaustion, RSHF, AF
Signs of MR
JVP - prominent, brisk and hyperdynamic apex, RV heave, systolic murmur
Tests in MR
ECG, CXR, echo, CMRI
Treatment for MR
acute - reduce preload and afterload (dobutamine)
MVR
Causes of aortic stenosis
degenerative (slow inflammatory process linked with atherosclerosis) rheumatic heart disease, biscupid valve
Symptoms of AS
angina, syncope, breathlessness, HF
Signs of AS
pulse - slow rising and small volume, JVP - prominent if HF, vigorous apex beat, RV heave, systolic murmur
Tests in AS
ECG, CXR, echo, CMRI
Treatment in AS
AVR (in those with HF)
Causes of AR
dilated aorta (marfan’s, connective tissue disorder, hypertension), bicuspid valve, rheumatic HD, IE
Symptoms of AR
exertional breathlessness
Signs of AR
collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, hyperdynamic displced apex, diastolic murmur
Tests in AR
CXR, CMRI, echo, ECG
Treatment for AR
vasodilator, AVR
