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Principles 1 > Vaporizers > Flashcards

Vaporizers Flashcards

1
Q

Only inhalation agent that can be used for induction

A

Sevoflurane - ultane

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2
Q

Known for rapid induction and awakening

A

Sevoflurane (Ultane®)

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3
Q

What 2 things is sevo used for?

A

Used for peds/inhalation
induction

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4
Q

Can react with CO2 absorbents to form nephrotoxic

compound A.

A

Sevoflurane (Ultane®)

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5
Q

Requires specially designed electrically heated

vaporizer

A

Desflurane (Suprane®)

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6
Q

2 bad side effects desflurane causes:

A

Airway irritant (during induction,
combine with IV agents)
Can cause tachycardia (caution
with coronary artery disease)

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7
Q

Rapid elimination of des results in

A

quick awakening

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8
Q

Once considered the “gold standard” of
inhalation agents, especially for
neurosurgery

A

Isoflurane (Forane®)

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9
Q

What BAD thing can isoflurane cause?

A

Can cause coronary artery steal
syndrome

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10
Q

isoflurane causes significant

A

peripheral vasodilation

can cause hypotension

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11
Q

was agent of choice
for inhalation induction
(now replaced by sevoflurane)

A

Halothane

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12
Q

Halothane is good for use in asthmatics, why?

A

Potent bronchodilator

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13
Q

What serious implication did halothane have on organ that is not the heart?

A

Halothane hepatitis

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14
Q

Why does halothane Increase risk of dysrhythmias

A

decrease sensitivity to catecholamines - real bad if local anesthetic and epi given

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15
Q

halothane Emergence is significantly

A

slower than other agents

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16
Q

NOT a volatile agent
Used to supplement inhalation
agents

A

NITROUS OXIDE

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17
Q

Only inhalation agent with
sympathomimetic activity

A

nitrous

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18
Q

What is important concept to understand about nitrous?

A

Diffuses into air-filled spaces
(increases pressure)

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19
Q

what should be given during emergence to avoid
diffusion hypoxia with nitrous

A

high fio2

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20
Q

A device for converting a volatile

anesthetic agent into breathable vapor

A

vaporizer

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21
Q

where are vaporizers located?

A

between flow meters and common gas outlet

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22
Q

Gaseous molecules from a
substance that is liquid at room
temp at 1 atm (760 mmHg)
pressure

A

vapor

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23
Q

if you increase temperature, what happens to vaporization?

A

it increases

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24
Q

if you increase vaporization, what happens to the liquid below?

A

decreases the temp of the liquid below

25
Q

if you decrease temperature, what happens to vaporization?

A

will decrease vaporization unless heat is added (increased temp = increased vaporization)
[think energy]

26
Q

Equilibrium pressure of a vapor above
its liquid or solid

A

Vapor Pressure

27
Q

This term is temperature and agent specific?

A

Vapor Pressure

28
Q

When equilibrium is met, the anesthetic is at its

A

saturated vapor pressure

29
Q

why do we want volatiles at saturated vapor pressure

A

so that we can control the amount of agent that we give

30
Q

when you increase temperature, what happens to vapor pressure?

A

vapor pressure increases

31
Q

Temp at which vapor pressure = atm pressure

A

Boiling Point

32
Q

when you decrease atm pressure, what happens to boiling point?

A

decreases boiling point

[things will boil at lower temp]

33
Q

Calories needed to convert 1g of liquid to vapor without temperature change in the remaining liquid

A

Latent Heat of Vaporization

34
Q

Calories needed to increase the temperature of 1g of a

substance by 1°C

A

Specific Heat

35
Q

what do we want our vaporizers to be constructed with?

A

materials with high specific heat and conductivity to minimize temp changes associated with vaporization

36
Q

Alveolar concentration that prevents movement
in 50% of patients in response to surgical stimuli
(incision)

A

MAC (minimum alveolar concentration):

37
Q

Measured-flow (operator controls flow bubbled

through agent from 2nd O2 flowmeter)

A

COPPER KETTLE (VERNITROL)

38
Q

what material has high specific heat (heat needed to
raise 1g by 1°C) and high thermal conductivity
(speed of heat conductance)

A

Copper

39
Q

Amount of fresh gas allowed to come in contact with liquid vapor is controlled

A

VARIABLE-BYPASS

40
Q

with VARIABLE-BYPASS Gas entering the vaporizing chamber is

A

a carrier gas

41
Q

what is Splitting ratio determined by

A

internal resistance to flow
(controlled by vaporizer dial) and temp compensating
mechanism (inside vaporizer)

42
Q

what 2 things cause full saturation in variable bypass vaporizer?

A

Wicks/baffles

43
Q

Saturated gas combines with fresh gas at

A

vaporizer outlet
to consistently produce final desired concentration
regardless of total fresh gas flow (FGF)

44
Q

does FGF have anything to do with % of volatile pt receives when using variable bypass vaporizer?

A

NO NO NO

independent of FGF

45
Q

explain Temperature Compensation with variable bypass vaporizers

A

temp change causes strip bending which produces ↑ or ↓ in gas
passing through vaporizer

46
Q

Vapor Blender vaporizer

A

ELECTRONIC (TEC 6)

47
Q

requires electronic (heated) vaporizer, why?

A

desflurane, so it doesn’t crystalize

48
Q

mechanism of ELECTRONIC (TEC 6) with des?

A

injects tiny amounts of vaporizer into FGF that goes to pt, no carrier gas used, no flow going into vaporizer - just injects

49
Q

what is electronic tec 6 controlled by?

A

dial and internal transducer

50
Q

only vaporizer you can refill while still on?

A

Tec 6

51
Q

One central electronic control
mechanism for all agents

A

ELECTRONIC (ALADIN CASSETTE)

52
Q

Variable bypass, even for
desflurane

A

ELECTRONIC (ALADIN CASSETTE)

53
Q

what happens if A sevoflurane (VP: 157) vaporizer was filled with isoflurane (VP: 240)

A

you would give less sevo bc of the lower VP

[sevo does not want to escape as badly]

54
Q

what happens if you fill isoflurane (vp 240) with sevoflurance (vp 157)

A

you would give a lethal dose of the sevo

55
Q

what are the 6 safety mechanisms?

A
  • Color-coding (although not FDA required)
  • Keyed fillers
  • Low filling port
  • Secured vaporizers
    (minimizes tipping)
  • Concentration dial increases output in all when
    rotated counterclockwise
  • Interlocks
56
Q

Ensures that only one vaporizer is turned on and that gas can only enter if vaporizer in an on position

A

VAPORIZER INTERLOCK

57
Q

5 risks of vaporizers?

A
  1. tipping
  2. out of calibration
  3. leaks
  4. pumping
  5. electronic dysfunction
58
Q

what side are vaporizers on anesthesia machine?

A

low pressure side

Principles 1 (12 decks)

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