variables Flashcards
independent variables
change
dependent variables
measure
controll variables
same
extraneous variables
any variable other than the IV that can effect the DV
confounding variable
any variable other than the IV that has effected the DV e.g gender in aschs study
ppts variables
a variable due to the ppts characteristics that effect each of them differently
situational variables
anything in the environment that can affect the data
what is a single blind procedure
the ppts don’t know which condition of the research they are taking part in
what is deception
giving a false hypothesis to the ppts
what are investigator effects
aspects of the investigator and their presence that can influence the ppts responses they give. For instance the age gender ethnicity of the investigator may influence the ppts
how to reduce investigator effects
double blind procedures
standardised instructions
what are standardised instructions
any instructions given to ppts are written down so the investigator can’t give extra or less information to different groups
the ppt should read these to eliminate the effect of tone of voice
controls ppts variables
what are double blind procedures
neither the ppt or the researcher having contact with the ppts knows which condition is the experimental or the control condition
no researcher bias
ways of controlling extraneous variables
counterbalancing, randomisation, standardised procedures, random allocations to conditions.
what is counterbalancing
the same participants take part in all conditions of the experiment
disadvantages of using counterbalancing
Practice effects (participants improve due to experience),
Fatigue effects (participants perform worse in later conditions).
what is randomisation
Randomisation involves using a random method to determine things like:
The order in which tasks are presented,
The allocation of participants to different conditions in an experiment.
controls order effects
what are standardised procedures
a set of steps written in a format so that another researcher can replicate the study
controlls situational variables
what is a single blind technique
ppts don’t know what study group there in
increases internal validity and there’s less bias
