Variables and Their Measurement

Question 1

Discrete Variables

Answer 1

• can assume only distinct values

- dichotomous or polychotomous

Question 2

Continous

Answer 2

-theoretically can assume infinitely finer degrees of measurement depending upon instrument utilized

Question 3

Measurement Defined

Answer 3

• method of assigning quantitative or qualitative values to variables
• requires clearly defined rules that are consistently applied during a study

Question 4

Levels of Measurement: Nominal

Answer 4

• classification without value placed on the category
• mutually exclusive
• no ranking or order
• can use names or numerals

Question 5

Levels of Measurement: Ordinal

Answer 5

• each score is distinct measure or category but there is order to the categories
• without equal intervals between levels
• can use numbers to label categories, but can’t do math

Question 6

Levels of Measurement: Interval

Answer 6

• order and interval distance known between measures
• origin is unknown (no 0 point)
• can do addition and subtraction

Question 7

Levels of Measurement: Ratio

Answer 7

• order, interval distance, and origin known

- can add, subtract, multiply, and divide

Question 8

Reference Standards: Norm-referenced

Answer 8

-comparison of scores to previous test scores obtained from comparable subjects

Question 9

Reference Standards: Criterion-referenced

Answer 9

• comparison of scores to a previously established absolute standard
• discharge status determined by criterion (transfers independently, ambulates 300 ft)