Variant 8?- RBC aggregation with zeta sedimentation

Question 1

Physiological importance of rbc aggregation

Answer 1

RBC aggregation can be an indicator of diseases.
* An increased RBC aggregation can be seen for acute tissue injury, such as
inflammation or trauma. It can also be seen for Myocardial infarction
* It has also been seen in sepsis and after ischemia reperfusion injury

Question 2

AIM

Answer 2

Investigate the rate of neur=tral polymers in the aggregation of erytrocytes

Question 3

List the cellualr factors that affect aggregation of rbc

Answer 3

Glycocalx- causes steric hinderance thereofre decreases aggregation

Surafce charge density= eg sialic acid causes more repulsion therefre less aggregation

RBC shqape and deformability = determine rate and strength of aggregation

Question 4

Write the definition equation for Zeta sedimentation ratio (ZSR). Explain the physical meaning
of the parameters involved. Describe the experimental procedure used to determine ZSR (9)

Answer 4

Zeta sedimentation ratio is HCT/ZCT.

HCT= volume of rbc in blood
ZCT= packed cell volume at end of spinning

when ZSR tends to 1, cell sggregation increases

• RC suspensions made with aggregating agents
• Use vortex to spin
• Determine ZCT using zetafuge. repeat 4 times for 45 secinds. Rotate tube 180’ every 45 seconds
• check height of sample
• spin again at higher speed to determine HCT concentration

Question 5

Show monolayer o oleic acid max xompaction

Answer 5

C=18 Omega-9
draw tail

Question 6

List the factors, which can provoke haemolysis in vitro and describe how the process is
examined experimentally in the practice (7)

Answer 6

Mechanical: Ultrasound, filtration through pores
2. Thermal: increase in temperature
3. Radiation: ionizing radiation
4. Chemical: acid, oxidative and other kinds of haemolysis
5. Biological: products of microorganisms

Static and dynai c

we used dynamic so used HCL,absorbance meaured
static is decreasing osmotic ressure

Question 7

Give examples of diseases where the haematocrit of the blood is seriously changed.
Comment the expected change in blood viscosity in these conditions?

Answer 7

Uncontrolled hematopoeisus
HCT levels increse so blood viscosity increaes
may cause other diseases like coronary artery dises

Anaemia= low amound of RBC therefire viscosity is low

Question 8

Describe shortly the experimental work and measurements performed in this practice. Which
value is expected for the shape factor of the erythrocytes? (8)

Answer 8

• prepare 5 tubes with different hematocrit

*measure the relative viscosity of themusing viscometer oswalsd

• Spin tubes in vortex, then detrmine HCT
• specofc viscosity/HCT= a ( shape facotr )

AIM:to study dependence on specific voscosty of rbc suspensions on hematocrut and to estimate hsape facotr from einsteins eq

visc=visc medium (1+aH) REPRESENT AS GRAPGH