variation in chromosome structure

Question 1

variations in chromosome structure are important for which of the following?
A. evolution
B. may result in the production of abnormal offspring
C. may alter the phenotype of an organism
D. all of the above

Answer 1

all fo the above

Question 2

the normal sequences of nine genes on a human chromosome is ABCDEFGHI, where the star represent the centromere. Some humans were found to have the aberrant chromosomes. Name type of chromosomal rearrangement using:
ABCDGFEHI

Answer 2

inversion- change in direction of part of the genetic material along a single chromosome

Question 3

Non-allelic homologous recombination between repetitive sequences can cause genetic diseases in humans. These diseases are caused by ____
A. changing the copy number of important genes
B. deletion of important genes
C. gene silencing
D. position effect
E. A or B

Answer 3

changing the copy number of important genes an deletion of important genes

Question 4

which of the following expressions denotes an organism with a genome 2n+1?

Answer 4

trisomic

Question 5

the failure of chromosomes to separate during cell division is called ___

Answer 5

nondisjunction- failure of chromosome to separate

Question 6

which describes an organism that has 2 complete sets of chromosomes from different species combined within a single species?
A. diploid
B. Aneuploid
C. autptetraploid
D. allotetraploid
E. mosaic

Answer 6

allotetraploid- hybrid cell/individual possessing 4 timex the chromosomes in a haploid organism

Question 7

if 2 non-homologous chromosomes swap a segment of DNA by recombination, what has occurred?

Answer 7

a reciprocal translocation- 2 way transfer

Question 8

which allopolyploid plant of major importance to Washington State is vigorous hexaploid species that combines the genomes of 3 different original species

Answer 8

tritium aestiuvm ( bread wheat)

Question 9

genetic variation

Answer 9

refers to the differences in allele and chromosomes either between members of the same species or between different species

Question 10

karyotype

Answer 10

micrograph of metaphase chromosomes from a cell arranged in a standard fashion

Question 11

deletion in chromosome

Answer 11

portion os chromosome is missing, when a chromosome breaks and fragment is lost

Question 12

duplication in chromosomes (aka non-allelic homologous recombination)

Answer 12

portion of the chromosome is repeated

Question 13

inversion of chromosome

Answer 13

change in the direction of part of the genetic material along a single chromosome

Question 14

translocation

Answer 14

segment of one chromosome becomes attached to a non-homologous chromosome

Question 15

gene family

Answer 15

two or more genes that are similar to each other

Question 16

breakpoint in inversion

Answer 16

location of breaks leading to inversion occurs in a vital gene, it will then disrupt gene function

Question 17

position effect in inversion

Answer 17

gene is repositioned in a way that alters its expression

Question 18

aneuploidy

Answer 18

variation in the number of particular chromosomes within a set

Question 19

euploid

Answer 19

variation in the number of complete sets of chromosomes

Question 20

trisomy (Aneuploidy)

Answer 20

2n + 1

Question 21

Monosomy (Aneuploidy)

Answer 21

2n-1

Question 22

triploid (euploid)

Answer 22

3n

Question 23

tetraploid (euploid)

Answer 23

4n

Question 24

auto-polyploidy

Answer 24

nondisjunction in meiosis or mitosis results in diploid gametes

Question 25

allopolyploidy

Answer 25

2 sets, one from each of 2 different species (hybrid cell)

Question 26

polyploidy

Answer 26

possessing more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes

Question 27

point mutations

Answer 27

change within a gene in which 1 pair in the DNA sequence is altered

Question 28

synapsis

Answer 28

pairing of homologous chromosomes prior to their separation into daughter cells

Question 29

simple translocation

Answer 29

chromosomal segment is transferred to a non homologous chromosome

Question 30

reciprocal translocation

Answer 30

the exchange of segments from 2 nonhomologous chromosomes